Language Development and Semantics Quiz

<p>The 'music' of language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6-10 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using language appropriately in context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comprehension precedes production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They babble manually using sign language at the same time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holophrases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sudden increase in the number of words learned (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Realization that words can label objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When they interact while hearing the word (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How a child identifies what an object is based on a word (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contextual clues provided by caregivers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a gradual quadratic increase without defined stages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within-word syllables are more common in language acquisition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They picked up on statistical regularities for word boundaries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can differentiate between sounds visually. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distinguishing between what is said and who is speaking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They looked longer at new speakers speaking in their native language. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imitating adult speech patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phoneme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiating continuous sounds as discrete categories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early forms of dialogue between infants and caregivers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorical speech perception. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It tests if infants can engage in social interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of infants to forget sounds not used in their environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They establish rules for interaction and turn-taking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial recognition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They actively adjust their behavior based on responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining nouns and verbs in a simplified manner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social interaction and communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How infants can identify word boundaries through statistical regularities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a universal and innate feature of humans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcement and operant conditioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A parent reacting positively to a child's verbal approximations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The value of grammatical structures over meaning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The different types of words used (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of speech characterized by exaggerated high pitch and long pauses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motherese, or infant-directed speech. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using prosody and contextual cues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infant-directed speech or motherese. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adults with children and pets, including fathers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants as young as four months turn to hear motherese. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying words and phrases becomes particularly hard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is over-determined by multiple factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of breaking down a continuous stream of speech into meaningful units, such as words and phrases.

The exaggerated and simplified way that adults speak to infants, often characterized by high pitch, long pauses, and repeated phrases.

Infants are more likely to turn their heads towards sounds of motherese compared to normal adult speech.

The ManyBabies Consortium found that infants in various countries and cultures show preference for motherese.

The tendency for infants to be drawn to sounds that are high in pitch and have frequent pauses.

The use of prosody, or the rhythm and intonation of speech, can help infants distinguish between words and phrases.

Learning a new language can be challenging because the speech stream is harder to parse into meaningful units.

The process of language development is often influenced by multiple factors beyond just the child's inherent abilities.

A research method where babies are habituated to a sound, and then presented with a new sound. If they show a change in behavior (like increased sucking), it suggests they can discriminate between the sounds.

The way adults speak to babies, characterized by high pitch, exaggerated intonation, and simpler vocabulary.

Infants can pick up on statistical patterns in language, such as the frequency of certain sounds or the predictability of word sequences.

The ability of infants to categorize sounds based on their meaning in their native language.

A research paradigm that tests the ability of infants to engage in social interaction. The adult suddenly stops responding, mimicking the experience of a 'still' caregiver.

A type of interaction where infants and adults take turns responding to each other, like in a game of peek-a-boo.

The idea that infants are 'pre-wired' to learn language and their ability to discriminate sounds changes based on the sounds they hear in their environment. Sounds they don't hear frequently may become less distinct.

The ability to recognize patterns in speech sounds, even without explicit cues like pauses or spaces, helps infants learn language. For example, recognizing that certain syllables are frequently paired together, like "bi" and "da" in "bidaku", implies they might belong to the same word.

Babies can identify and distinguish between different sounds based on the way they look, even before they understand what the sounds mean. This demonstrates the intermodal nature of speech perception.

Infants can distinguish between different speakers' voices, even when they are speaking the same language. This shows that they are picking up unique characteristics about each speaker, beyond just the spoken words.

Babies can distinguish between their own native language and other languages, even before they understand the meaning, suggesting early awareness of language differences. They will look longer at speakers of their native language.

A combination of factors, including the environment, interaction with caregivers, and inherent abilities contributes to a child's language development.

The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a word; For example, "big" and "pig" are different because of the initial sound.

The smallest meaningful unit of language, like a word or a part of a word that can't be broken down further.

The study of the meaning of words and sentences.

The rules that govern how words are arranged in a sentence.

The rhythm, tone and intonation of speech; it adds emotional and meaningful context to spoken language.

The branch of linguistics that studies how language is used in social contexts.

The stage in infant development where they begin to make vowel-like sounds.

The stage where babies start to experiment with consonants and produce a variety of sounds, including clicks and raspberries.

Babies understand more language than they can produce. This means they can comprehend more complex information than they can express.

A single word a child uses to represent a whole phrase or sentence. For example, a child might say "Milk!" to mean "I want some milk."

The rapid increase in a child's vocabulary that occurs around 18-24 months of age. This is often characterized by a dramatic increase in the number of words a child can understand and use.

The problem of figuring out what a word refers to in the real world. When a child hears a word, they need to figure out which object or part of the object the word is referring to.

Strategies that children use to help them learn new words. These strategies can include focusing on the whole object, considering the context of the word, and noticing how adults are using the word.

Infants learn words more easily when they hear the word at the same time they are doing something with the object the word refers to. For example, a child is more likely to learn the word 'ball' if they hear it while they are playing with a ball.

Caregivers' tendency to name objects for infants at the exact moment the infant is interacting with those objects. This helps infants make the connection between the word and its meaning.

The idea that infants are born with a predisposition to learn language. This means that they have innate abilities that make them capable of learning a language quickly and easily.

The observation that the amount of language input children receive from their families strongly correlates with their socioeconomic status (SES). Children from higher-SES families typically hear more words than those from lower-SES families.

A type of early speech characteristic of young children, often resembling short sentences without grammatical markers. For example, "Want cookie" instead of "I want a cookie."

The theory that language acquisition is primarily driven by innate biological mechanisms, suggesting that humans have a specific language faculty in their brains.

The idea that language learning occurs through interactions with the environment and social context, emphasizing the importance of communication and interaction.

The theory that language is learned through reinforcement and imitation, proposing that children acquire language by associating words with their meanings and repeating what they hear.

Chomsky's argument that language is not simply a learned behavior but involves the ability to create new, grammatically correct sentences even if those sentences have never been heard before.

The focus on language as a rule-governed system, with emphasis on grammar and syntax. How do children learn the complex grammatical patterns in language?

The study of the meanings of words and phrases, often explored in the context of Chomsky's nativism. How can we make sense of this semantic nonsense?