Language Delay vs Disorder Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between a language delay and a language disorder?

  • A language delay occurs when a child's speech and language development is slower than expected, but they are expected to catch up. (correct)
  • A language delay is more common than a language disorder.
  • A language disorder occurs when a child's speech and language development is slower than expected, and they are not expected to catch up. (correct)
  • A language disorder often has an identifiable cause.
  • What percentage of 3-year-olds are estimated to have a language delay?

  • 10% (correct)
  • 20%
  • 1%
  • 5%
  • Which of the following is NOT a common factor that might contribute to a language delay?

  • Premature birth
  • Social disadvantage
  • Significant medical factors such as a learning disability (correct)
  • Mild, fluctuating hearing loss
  • What is the current recommendation regarding the use of the terms 'language delay' and 'language disorder'?

    <p>These terms should be used sparingly and replaced with 'speech, language and communication difficulties' when possible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biological factor that could influence a child's language development?

    <p>Social disadvantage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is characteristic of a language delay, but not a language disorder?

    <p>Expected to catch up with development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why the terms 'language delay' and 'language disorder' are no longer preferred?

    <p>They are too difficult for parents to understand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus in addressing speech, language, and communication difficulties?

    <p>To provide support to help children overcome their difficulties and reach their full potential. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age are 2-word combinations expected to emerge?

    <p>16 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected range for understanding single words at 16 months?

    <p>80-300 words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for speech, language, and communication difficulties in pre-school children?

    <p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected range for saying single words at 24 months?

    <p>89-534 words (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children with Down Syndrome?

    <p>Vimeo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is mentioned as a category of pre-school children with speech, language, and communication difficulties?

    <p>Children with Down Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children with DLD?

    <p>YouTube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children growing up in areas of social disadvantage?

    <p>YouTube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor mentioned in the content as contributing to speech, language, and communication difficulties in pre-school children?

    <p>Lack of access to early literacy programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of speech and language development in preschool children?

    <p>There is wide variation in the rate at which children acquire speech, language and communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of the provided material regarding speech, language and communication development?

    <p>To understand the variation in preschool children’s speech, language and communication development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the material suggest about predicting persistent speech, language and communication needs?

    <p>Predicting which children will experience persistent speech, language and communication needs is difficult. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from identifying difficulties, what else should you consider when evaluating a child's communication skills?

    <p>Consider other terminology, like language difference, and also identify the child's strengths. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you apply in order to identify potential speech, language and communication difficulties in preschool children according to this material?

    <p>Apply your knowledge of speech, language and communication development in children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a current term used to describe children with difficulties in speech, language, and communication?

    <p>Language Delay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in identifying children with speech, language, and communication difficulties?

    <p>Identifying those who will have persistent difficulties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when understanding a child's communication profile?

    <p>The child's strengths in communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended reading for understanding the decision-making process in speech and language therapy?

    <p>Kersner, M., &amp; Wright, J.A.(2012) Speech and language therapy: the decision making process when working with children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource is recommended for a deeper understanding of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?

    <p>The RCSLT Briefing Paper on Language Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outdated term now replaced by "Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)"?

    <p>Specific Language Impairment (SLI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus in identifying children with communication difficulties?

    <p>Accurate diagnosis and classification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of acknowledging a child’s strengths in their communication profile?

    <p>It promotes a positive and supportive learning environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) be identified?

    <p>Before the age of 5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it critical to identify children with language delays early?

    <p>It helps target interventions for those most in need (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children with language delays resolve their delays by school age?

    <p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common sign of neurodevelopmental disorders in children?

    <p>Delayed or late onset of first words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age was the child in the described speech and language therapy appointment?

    <p>2 years and 7 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of development focuses on a child's ability to use language in social contexts?

    <p>Social communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate support or intervention for a child with speech difficulties?

    <p>Language enrichment activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a public health approach to speech and language therapy distinguished from traditional methods?

    <p>Emphasis on community-wide prevention and support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of language development refers to a child's ability to understand spoken language?

    <p>Language understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes inherent variations in language use among children that do not indicate a disorder?

    <p>Language differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas is not explicitly mentioned as a focus for evaluating a 2:07 year old child's development?

    <p>Mathematical reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of early intervention for children experiencing language delays?

    <p>To enhance life's opportunities through improved communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does expressive language refer to in terms of a child's communication skills?

    <p>Using vocabulary in conversations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Variation in Speech and Language Development

    The range of normal development in how children acquire skills in speaking, understanding language, and communicating.

    Preschool

    The period of a child's life from approximately 2 years old to about 5 or 6 years old, when they are preparing for elementary school.

    Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties

    Problems or difficulties that a child has in speaking, understanding language, or communicating with others.

    Predicting Persistent Speech, Language, and Communication Needs

    The ability to predict which children who have speech, language, or communication difficulties will continue to have those problems as they get older.

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    Identifying Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties

    Using your knowledge of normal speech, language, and communication development to spot problems a child might have in these areas.

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    What is a triage appointment?

    A short meeting where a speech and language therapist assesses a child to decide if they need further help with their speech, language, or communication.

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    What is the Universally Speaking 0-5 years checklist?

    A set of guidelines used to understand how many words a child should be using, understanding, and how they are communicating at various ages.

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    What is a language delay that resolves?

    When a child is behind in their speech and language skills, but they catch up by the time they start school.

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    What are neurodevelopmental disorders?

    A group of disorders affecting brain development, often causing difficulties with communication, social interaction, and learning.

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    Why is supporting pre-schoolers with communication difficulties important?

    Supporting children with speech, language, and communication issues can improve their learning and future opportunities.

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    Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties (SLCD)

    A range of developmental disorders affecting a child's ability to understand and use language, including speech, grammar, and social communication.

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    Down Syndrome

    A condition characterized by delays in motor development, speech, language, and cognitive skills.

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    Speech Difficulties

    Physical difficulties that impact speech production, such as problems with muscle control or the anatomy of the mouth.

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    Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)

    A developmental language disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in understanding and using language, despite normal cognitive abilities.

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    Risk Factors for SLCD

    Factors that increase the likelihood of a child developing speech, language, and communication difficulties.

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    Genetic and Chromosomal Syndromes

    Genetic conditions or chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to learning disabilities, including SLCD.

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    Family History of SLCD

    A familial history of speech, language, and communication difficulties, suggesting a genetic or environmental influence.

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    Physical/Motor Difficulties

    Physical or motor impairments, such as cerebral palsy, that can affect speech production and language development.

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    Chronic Illnesses

    Health conditions occurring before or after birth, such as prematurity or low birth weight, that can influence development.

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    Sensory Difficulties

    Sensory impairments, such as hearing loss or visual impairment, that can affect language acquisition and communication.

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    Language Delay

    A pattern of speech, language, and communication development that is slower than expected for the child's age. They are expected to catch up.

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    Language Disorder

    A significant and persistent difficulty in speech, language, and communication development. These children typically do not catch up.

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    Environmental Factors

    Factors like social disadvantage, neglect, or lack of opportunities can impact a child's language development.

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    Biological Factors

    Factors like gender (males tend to have slower language development), prematurity, or low birth weight can affect a child's language development.

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    Why "Language Delay" and "Language Disorder" are no longer preferred

    These terms are now considered outdated and less preferred when describing children with speech, language, and communication challenges.

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    Children with Language Delays

    These children may experience a delay in their speech, language, and communication development due to factors like mild hearing loss or unknown reasons.

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    Children with Language Disorders

    These children have a clear cause for their difficulties, and their challenges are expected to continue throughout their life.

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    Listening and Attention in a 2-Year-Old

    Refers to the ability to listen, focus, and understand what is being said.

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    Expressive Language in a 2-Year-Old

    Involves the child's ability to create words and phrases to express thoughts and ideas.

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    Language Understanding in a 2-Year-Old

    The child's comprehension of spoken language.

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    Social Communication in a 2-Year-Old

    Refers to the ability to use language appropriately in social situations.

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    Language Differences

    Refers to using language to build relationships, share experiences, and express oneself.

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    Identifying Strengths in Communication Profile

    Emphasizing positive aspects of a child's speech, language, and communication skills.

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    Public Health Approach to Communication

    A public health approach considers everyone and aims to prevent communication difficulties by promoting positive communication development.

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    Supporting Communication Development

    Supporting communication development through early interventions, fostering a healthy language environment, and promoting positive communication practices.

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    Preschool Speech, Language, and Communication Development

    A period of time when children make big changes in their abilities to talk, listen, and communicate. There's a wide range of what's typical, but some kids struggle more than others.

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    Risk Factors for Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties

    These can make it harder for children to learn and thrive. We can use these signs to identify which kids need extra help.

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    Speech, Language, and Communication Profile

    These are clues that tell us how a child is doing with their communication.

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    Strengths in a Child's Speech, Language, and Communication Profile

    A child's ability to be good at talking, listening, and understanding language.

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    Identifying Persistent Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties

    Knowing if speech, language, and communication issues will last, or if they will improve over time.

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    Understanding Speech, Language, and Communication Development

    Using our knowledge about how children should develop their speech, language, and communication skills to spot if something is wrong.

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    Study Notes

    Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties in Pre-School Children

    • Pre-school children demonstrate a wide range of speech, language, and communication development rates.
    • There are difficulties in predicting which children will experience persistent speech, language, and communication needs.
    • Recognizing the variation in preschool children's speech, language, and communication development is essential.
    • Understanding how speech, language, and communication difficulties present in pre-school children is key.
    • Applying knowledge of speech, language, and communication development to identify difficulties in video material is necessary.
    • Consideration of other relevant terminology, like language differences, identifying strengths, language delay, and language disorder, is important.

    Variation in Children's Speech and Language Development

    • Significant variation exists in the rate at which children acquire speech, language, and communication skills.
    • Week 1 resources and lectures provide developmental milestones for speech and language development.

    Example: Variation in Speech, Language, and Communication Development (Bates et al., 1995)

    • Comprehension/Understanding of Single Words:
      • Expected range at 10 months: 0-144 words.
      • Expected range at 16 months: 80-300 words.
    • Saying Single Words:
      • Expected range at 12 months: 0-24 words.
      • Expected range at 24 months: 89-534 words.
    • Saying 2-word Combinations:
      • Between 16 months and 2 years of age.

    Activity 1: Video Material

    • Watch a video of 2-year-old children talking (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-2eqkvGauU).
    • Analyze the children's speech, language, and communication abilities.
    • Compare these abilities with those shown in subsequent videos.

    Pre-School Children with Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties

    • Down Syndrome: (https://vimeo.com/399175714)

      • Compare and contrast with other videos.
      • Note down observable differences.
    • Speech Difficulties: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 5ph53B9UXY)

      • Comparing with other videos (slide 5) and noting differences.
    • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD): (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11cJmCy-ed8)

      • Compare with previously viewed videos (slide 5).
      • Note down observed differences.
    • Children Growing Up in Areas of Social Disadvantage: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzeDW 4qsHY)

      • Compare with other videos (slide 5) and note differences.
    • Children with an Autistic Profile:

      • Watch a video (the location is not provided).
      • Compare with previous observations (slide 5) and note down any notable differences.

    Activity 1: Feedback

    • Share thoughts and observations (Judy will compile them).

    Risk Factors for Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties in Pre-School Children

    • Genetic and chromosomal syndromes of learning disability
    • Family history of speech, language, and communication difficulties/developmental differences/disorders
    • Physical/motor difficulties (e.g., cerebral palsy)
    • Chronic illness (including prematurity and low birth weight)
    • Sensory difficulties (e.g., hearing and visual impairments)
    • Environmental factors (e.g., social disadvantage, neglect)
    • Biological factors (e.g., gender, prematurity, low birth weight)

    Language Delay and Language Disorder (Historical)

    • Terms like "delay" and "disorder" describe extreme variations in expected speech, language, and communication development (now less frequently used).
    • The current (2020) model shifts toward describing children with difficulties or needs rather than using "delay" or "disorder."
    • Understanding past terminology is helpful.

    Language Delay (Historical)

    • Typical rate and progress of speech, language, and communication development is slower than expected.
    • Delays are often expected to resolve.
    • Up to 10% of 3-year-olds have language delay (Dale et al., 2003).
    • Mild fluctuating hearing loss, or no obvious reason.
    • Children with delays are not usually associated with significant medical factors such as learning disabilities.

    Language Disorder (Historical)

    • An obvious or clear cause for the disorder.
    • Children do not follow the typical rate and progress of speech, language, and communication development.
    • The disorder persists throughout the child's life.
    • Language disorders often lead to negative outcomes in literacy, education, and psycho-social aspects.
    • Some children with a language disorder may also have a significant learning disability.

    Delay and Disorder (Continuum)

    • A delay becomes a disorder when it reaches a certain severity.
    • Children's speech, language, and communication development (equivalent, e.g., an 8 year old whose speech is equivalent to a 3 year old).
    • The approach is overly simplified.

    Critical Age Hypothesis

    • Language difficulties present by age 5, are significantly less likely to resolve than if presented at a younger age (Bishop 2004).
    • Language difficulties are now frequently referred to as Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).

    Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)

    • Language difficulties pose significant barriers to communication or learning.
    • DLD is unlikely to resolve itself before five years of age.
    • Causes are unlikely related to known biomedical conditions (e.g., brain injury, Down Syndrome).
    • Often co-occurs with other neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD or Autism.
    • DLD can be identified prior to the age of 5 years.
    • The complexity warrants future discussion when covering the topic in depth.

    Importance of Identifying Children with Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties

    • Delays in first words and phrases indicate potential neurodevelopmental disorders.
    • Identifying children at risk for DLD is critical for support.
    • Language delays frequently resolve; 50% resolve by school age (Dale et al., 2003; Rescorla et al., 2011).
    • Early intervention targets children most in need.
    • Addressing speech, language, and communication difficulties benefits children's learning and future success.

    Activity 2: Speech, Language, and Communication in a 2-Year-Old Child

    • Watch a 10-minute video of a speech and language therapy triage appointment.
    • Analyze a 2-year-old child's language development, and concerning language development.
    • A triage appointment is a brief assessment to identify children in need of further intervention.
    • Consider the child's case history & informal assessment information.
    • Refer to the Universally Speaking 0-5 years checklist with considerations for 2-year-old milestones.
    • Note assessment findings and intervention considerations.

    Activity 2 Continued

    • Consider other relevant terminology in the field (e.g., language differences, strengths, and communication profiles).
    • Identify the child's strengths and weaknesses in speech, language, and communication.
    • Recommend potential support or interventions for the child.

    Activity 3: Discuss

    • Read and analyze Norbury (2015) editorial: "Early intervention in response to language delay" (finding the article).
    • Examine if early intervention for language delays presents a danger of misdiagnosis or misplaced intervention efforts.
    • Reflect on the appropriateness of early intervention in language development delays.
    • Discuss opinions on the topic and offer possible rationale support or refutation of the views that are presented.

    Activity 3: Discuss (Children's Speech, Language, and Communication Needs)

    • Speech, language, and communication needs are considered a public health concern, not just a clinical issue.
    • A public health approach shifts the focus away from diagnosis to supporting the whole population.
    • Speech and language therapy services should follow and implement health-conscious principles including prevention and intervention.
    • The proposed support will be helpful in creating a more inclusive and preventative approach.

    Conclusions

    • Wide variation exists in pre-school children's speech, language, and communication development.
    • Many resources aid in understanding the variation and development.
    • Language delay and disorder (now less common terms) are less severe variation in speech, language, communication.
    • Some children will resolve speech, language, communication difficulties, but others will present with persistent difficulties like DLD.
    • Key risk factors aid in the identification of speech, language, communication difficulties.
    • Knowledge of normal speech, language, communication development assists understanding developmental difficulties.
    • Consider different terminology (e.g., language differences, communication profiles, and identifying strengths).

    Essential Reading

    • Kersner & Wright (2012): (chapter 14) focusing on speech and language intervention and decision-making processes for children.
    • RCSLT Briefing Paper (2020): This paper emphasizes developmental language disorder (DLD) and the associated implications.
    • Gibbard et al. (2024): Provides a randomized controlled trial of intervention strategies (parent-based models) for children with speech, language, and communication needs in challenging social environments (social disadvantage areas).

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    Test your knowledge on the differences between language delays and disorders with this engaging quiz. Explore key concepts such as prevalence, risk factors, and developmental milestones related to language development in young children.

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