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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between a language delay and a language disorder?
What is the main difference between a language delay and a language disorder?
What percentage of 3-year-olds are estimated to have a language delay?
What percentage of 3-year-olds are estimated to have a language delay?
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that might contribute to a language delay?
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that might contribute to a language delay?
What is the current recommendation regarding the use of the terms 'language delay' and 'language disorder'?
What is the current recommendation regarding the use of the terms 'language delay' and 'language disorder'?
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Which of the following is NOT a biological factor that could influence a child's language development?
Which of the following is NOT a biological factor that could influence a child's language development?
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Which of the following is characteristic of a language delay, but not a language disorder?
Which of the following is characteristic of a language delay, but not a language disorder?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why the terms 'language delay' and 'language disorder' are no longer preferred?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the terms 'language delay' and 'language disorder' are no longer preferred?
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What is the primary focus in addressing speech, language, and communication difficulties?
What is the primary focus in addressing speech, language, and communication difficulties?
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At what age are 2-word combinations expected to emerge?
At what age are 2-word combinations expected to emerge?
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What is the expected range for understanding single words at 16 months?
What is the expected range for understanding single words at 16 months?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for speech, language, and communication difficulties in pre-school children?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for speech, language, and communication difficulties in pre-school children?
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What is the expected range for saying single words at 24 months?
What is the expected range for saying single words at 24 months?
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Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children with Down Syndrome?
Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children with Down Syndrome?
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Which of the following is mentioned as a category of pre-school children with speech, language, and communication difficulties?
Which of the following is mentioned as a category of pre-school children with speech, language, and communication difficulties?
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Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children with DLD?
Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children with DLD?
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Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children growing up in areas of social disadvantage?
Which video platform is used to showcase the example of children growing up in areas of social disadvantage?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor mentioned in the content as contributing to speech, language, and communication difficulties in pre-school children?
Which of the following is NOT a factor mentioned in the content as contributing to speech, language, and communication difficulties in pre-school children?
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What is a key characteristic of speech and language development in preschool children?
What is a key characteristic of speech and language development in preschool children?
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What is one of the primary goals of the provided material regarding speech, language and communication development?
What is one of the primary goals of the provided material regarding speech, language and communication development?
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What does the material suggest about predicting persistent speech, language and communication needs?
What does the material suggest about predicting persistent speech, language and communication needs?
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Apart from identifying difficulties, what else should you consider when evaluating a child's communication skills?
Apart from identifying difficulties, what else should you consider when evaluating a child's communication skills?
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What should you apply in order to identify potential speech, language and communication difficulties in preschool children according to this material?
What should you apply in order to identify potential speech, language and communication difficulties in preschool children according to this material?
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Which of the following is NOT a current term used to describe children with difficulties in speech, language, and communication?
Which of the following is NOT a current term used to describe children with difficulties in speech, language, and communication?
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What is the main challenge in identifying children with speech, language, and communication difficulties?
What is the main challenge in identifying children with speech, language, and communication difficulties?
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What should be considered when understanding a child's communication profile?
What should be considered when understanding a child's communication profile?
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What is the recommended reading for understanding the decision-making process in speech and language therapy?
What is the recommended reading for understanding the decision-making process in speech and language therapy?
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Which resource is recommended for a deeper understanding of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?
Which resource is recommended for a deeper understanding of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?
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What is the outdated term now replaced by "Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)"?
What is the outdated term now replaced by "Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)"?
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What is the primary focus in identifying children with communication difficulties?
What is the primary focus in identifying children with communication difficulties?
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What is the significance of acknowledging a child’s strengths in their communication profile?
What is the significance of acknowledging a child’s strengths in their communication profile?
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At what age can Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) be identified?
At what age can Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) be identified?
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Why is it critical to identify children with language delays early?
Why is it critical to identify children with language delays early?
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What percentage of children with language delays resolve their delays by school age?
What percentage of children with language delays resolve their delays by school age?
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What is one common sign of neurodevelopmental disorders in children?
What is one common sign of neurodevelopmental disorders in children?
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What age was the child in the described speech and language therapy appointment?
What age was the child in the described speech and language therapy appointment?
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Which area of development focuses on a child's ability to use language in social contexts?
Which area of development focuses on a child's ability to use language in social contexts?
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What is an appropriate support or intervention for a child with speech difficulties?
What is an appropriate support or intervention for a child with speech difficulties?
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How is a public health approach to speech and language therapy distinguished from traditional methods?
How is a public health approach to speech and language therapy distinguished from traditional methods?
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Which aspect of language development refers to a child's ability to understand spoken language?
Which aspect of language development refers to a child's ability to understand spoken language?
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What term describes inherent variations in language use among children that do not indicate a disorder?
What term describes inherent variations in language use among children that do not indicate a disorder?
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Which of the following areas is not explicitly mentioned as a focus for evaluating a 2:07 year old child's development?
Which of the following areas is not explicitly mentioned as a focus for evaluating a 2:07 year old child's development?
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What is the primary goal of early intervention for children experiencing language delays?
What is the primary goal of early intervention for children experiencing language delays?
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What does expressive language refer to in terms of a child's communication skills?
What does expressive language refer to in terms of a child's communication skills?
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Flashcards
Variation in Speech and Language Development
Variation in Speech and Language Development
The range of normal development in how children acquire skills in speaking, understanding language, and communicating.
Preschool
Preschool
The period of a child's life from approximately 2 years old to about 5 or 6 years old, when they are preparing for elementary school.
Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
Problems or difficulties that a child has in speaking, understanding language, or communicating with others.
Predicting Persistent Speech, Language, and Communication Needs
Predicting Persistent Speech, Language, and Communication Needs
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Identifying Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
Identifying Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
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What is a triage appointment?
What is a triage appointment?
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What is the Universally Speaking 0-5 years checklist?
What is the Universally Speaking 0-5 years checklist?
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What is a language delay that resolves?
What is a language delay that resolves?
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What are neurodevelopmental disorders?
What are neurodevelopmental disorders?
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Why is supporting pre-schoolers with communication difficulties important?
Why is supporting pre-schoolers with communication difficulties important?
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Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties (SLCD)
Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties (SLCD)
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Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome
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Speech Difficulties
Speech Difficulties
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Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)
Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)
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Risk Factors for SLCD
Risk Factors for SLCD
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Genetic and Chromosomal Syndromes
Genetic and Chromosomal Syndromes
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Family History of SLCD
Family History of SLCD
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Physical/Motor Difficulties
Physical/Motor Difficulties
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Chronic Illnesses
Chronic Illnesses
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Sensory Difficulties
Sensory Difficulties
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Language Delay
Language Delay
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Language Disorder
Language Disorder
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Environmental Factors
Environmental Factors
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Biological Factors
Biological Factors
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Why "Language Delay" and "Language Disorder" are no longer preferred
Why "Language Delay" and "Language Disorder" are no longer preferred
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Children with Language Delays
Children with Language Delays
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Children with Language Disorders
Children with Language Disorders
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Listening and Attention in a 2-Year-Old
Listening and Attention in a 2-Year-Old
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Expressive Language in a 2-Year-Old
Expressive Language in a 2-Year-Old
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Language Understanding in a 2-Year-Old
Language Understanding in a 2-Year-Old
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Social Communication in a 2-Year-Old
Social Communication in a 2-Year-Old
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Language Differences
Language Differences
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Identifying Strengths in Communication Profile
Identifying Strengths in Communication Profile
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Public Health Approach to Communication
Public Health Approach to Communication
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Supporting Communication Development
Supporting Communication Development
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Preschool Speech, Language, and Communication Development
Preschool Speech, Language, and Communication Development
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Risk Factors for Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
Risk Factors for Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
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Speech, Language, and Communication Profile
Speech, Language, and Communication Profile
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Strengths in a Child's Speech, Language, and Communication Profile
Strengths in a Child's Speech, Language, and Communication Profile
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Identifying Persistent Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
Identifying Persistent Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
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Understanding Speech, Language, and Communication Development
Understanding Speech, Language, and Communication Development
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Study Notes
Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties in Pre-School Children
- Pre-school children demonstrate a wide range of speech, language, and communication development rates.
- There are difficulties in predicting which children will experience persistent speech, language, and communication needs.
- Recognizing the variation in preschool children's speech, language, and communication development is essential.
- Understanding how speech, language, and communication difficulties present in pre-school children is key.
- Applying knowledge of speech, language, and communication development to identify difficulties in video material is necessary.
- Consideration of other relevant terminology, like language differences, identifying strengths, language delay, and language disorder, is important.
Variation in Children's Speech and Language Development
- Significant variation exists in the rate at which children acquire speech, language, and communication skills.
- Week 1 resources and lectures provide developmental milestones for speech and language development.
Example: Variation in Speech, Language, and Communication Development (Bates et al., 1995)
- Comprehension/Understanding of Single Words:
- Expected range at 10 months: 0-144 words.
- Expected range at 16 months: 80-300 words.
- Saying Single Words:
- Expected range at 12 months: 0-24 words.
- Expected range at 24 months: 89-534 words.
- Saying 2-word Combinations:
- Between 16 months and 2 years of age.
Activity 1: Video Material
- Watch a video of 2-year-old children talking (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-2eqkvGauU).
- Analyze the children's speech, language, and communication abilities.
- Compare these abilities with those shown in subsequent videos.
Pre-School Children with Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
-
Down Syndrome: (https://vimeo.com/399175714)
- Compare and contrast with other videos.
- Note down observable differences.
-
Speech Difficulties: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 5ph53B9UXY)
- Comparing with other videos (slide 5) and noting differences.
-
Developmental Language Disorder (DLD): (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11cJmCy-ed8)
- Compare with previously viewed videos (slide 5).
- Note down observed differences.
-
Children Growing Up in Areas of Social Disadvantage: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzeDW 4qsHY)
- Compare with other videos (slide 5) and note differences.
-
Children with an Autistic Profile:
- Watch a video (the location is not provided).
- Compare with previous observations (slide 5) and note down any notable differences.
Activity 1: Feedback
- Share thoughts and observations (Judy will compile them).
Risk Factors for Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties in Pre-School Children
- Genetic and chromosomal syndromes of learning disability
- Family history of speech, language, and communication difficulties/developmental differences/disorders
- Physical/motor difficulties (e.g., cerebral palsy)
- Chronic illness (including prematurity and low birth weight)
- Sensory difficulties (e.g., hearing and visual impairments)
- Environmental factors (e.g., social disadvantage, neglect)
- Biological factors (e.g., gender, prematurity, low birth weight)
Language Delay and Language Disorder (Historical)
- Terms like "delay" and "disorder" describe extreme variations in expected speech, language, and communication development (now less frequently used).
- The current (2020) model shifts toward describing children with difficulties or needs rather than using "delay" or "disorder."
- Understanding past terminology is helpful.
Language Delay (Historical)
- Typical rate and progress of speech, language, and communication development is slower than expected.
- Delays are often expected to resolve.
- Up to 10% of 3-year-olds have language delay (Dale et al., 2003).
- Mild fluctuating hearing loss, or no obvious reason.
- Children with delays are not usually associated with significant medical factors such as learning disabilities.
Language Disorder (Historical)
- An obvious or clear cause for the disorder.
- Children do not follow the typical rate and progress of speech, language, and communication development.
- The disorder persists throughout the child's life.
- Language disorders often lead to negative outcomes in literacy, education, and psycho-social aspects.
- Some children with a language disorder may also have a significant learning disability.
Delay and Disorder (Continuum)
- A delay becomes a disorder when it reaches a certain severity.
- Children's speech, language, and communication development (equivalent, e.g., an 8 year old whose speech is equivalent to a 3 year old).
- The approach is overly simplified.
Critical Age Hypothesis
- Language difficulties present by age 5, are significantly less likely to resolve than if presented at a younger age (Bishop 2004).
- Language difficulties are now frequently referred to as Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).
Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)
- Language difficulties pose significant barriers to communication or learning.
- DLD is unlikely to resolve itself before five years of age.
- Causes are unlikely related to known biomedical conditions (e.g., brain injury, Down Syndrome).
- Often co-occurs with other neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD or Autism.
- DLD can be identified prior to the age of 5 years.
- The complexity warrants future discussion when covering the topic in depth.
Importance of Identifying Children with Speech, Language, and Communication Difficulties
- Delays in first words and phrases indicate potential neurodevelopmental disorders.
- Identifying children at risk for DLD is critical for support.
- Language delays frequently resolve; 50% resolve by school age (Dale et al., 2003; Rescorla et al., 2011).
- Early intervention targets children most in need.
- Addressing speech, language, and communication difficulties benefits children's learning and future success.
Activity 2: Speech, Language, and Communication in a 2-Year-Old Child
- Watch a 10-minute video of a speech and language therapy triage appointment.
- Analyze a 2-year-old child's language development, and concerning language development.
- A triage appointment is a brief assessment to identify children in need of further intervention.
- Consider the child's case history & informal assessment information.
- Refer to the Universally Speaking 0-5 years checklist with considerations for 2-year-old milestones.
- Note assessment findings and intervention considerations.
Activity 2 Continued
- Consider other relevant terminology in the field (e.g., language differences, strengths, and communication profiles).
- Identify the child's strengths and weaknesses in speech, language, and communication.
- Recommend potential support or interventions for the child.
Activity 3: Discuss
- Read and analyze Norbury (2015) editorial: "Early intervention in response to language delay" (finding the article).
- Examine if early intervention for language delays presents a danger of misdiagnosis or misplaced intervention efforts.
- Reflect on the appropriateness of early intervention in language development delays.
- Discuss opinions on the topic and offer possible rationale support or refutation of the views that are presented.
Activity 3: Discuss (Children's Speech, Language, and Communication Needs)
- Speech, language, and communication needs are considered a public health concern, not just a clinical issue.
- A public health approach shifts the focus away from diagnosis to supporting the whole population.
- Speech and language therapy services should follow and implement health-conscious principles including prevention and intervention.
- The proposed support will be helpful in creating a more inclusive and preventative approach.
Conclusions
- Wide variation exists in pre-school children's speech, language, and communication development.
- Many resources aid in understanding the variation and development.
- Language delay and disorder (now less common terms) are less severe variation in speech, language, communication.
- Some children will resolve speech, language, communication difficulties, but others will present with persistent difficulties like DLD.
- Key risk factors aid in the identification of speech, language, communication difficulties.
- Knowledge of normal speech, language, communication development assists understanding developmental difficulties.
- Consider different terminology (e.g., language differences, communication profiles, and identifying strengths).
Essential Reading
- Kersner & Wright (2012): (chapter 14) focusing on speech and language intervention and decision-making processes for children.
- RCSLT Briefing Paper (2020): This paper emphasizes developmental language disorder (DLD) and the associated implications.
- Gibbard et al. (2024): Provides a randomized controlled trial of intervention strategies (parent-based models) for children with speech, language, and communication needs in challenging social environments (social disadvantage areas).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between language delays and disorders with this engaging quiz. Explore key concepts such as prevalence, risk factors, and developmental milestones related to language development in young children.