Language and Discourse Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between language and speech?

  • Language is a temporary form of communication, while speech is permanent.
  • Language is a physical manifestation, while speech is purely abstract.
  • Language is a universal ability to communicate, whereas speech is individual and specific. (correct)
  • Language is a personal usage of code, while speech is a structured system.

Which of the following statements best describes language?

  • Language is an innate ability that does not require learning.
  • Language is a system that exists independently of its users.
  • Language is influenced solely by individual expression.
  • Language is organized within a system of rules and is acquired over time. (correct)

What is the role of the 'expressive function' in language according to Jakobson?

  • It conveys the message to the external world.
  • It establishes contact between sender and receiver.
  • It focuses on how the message is constructed.
  • It refers to the speaker and their emotions. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT one of Jakobson's six functions of language?

<p>Adaptive function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'language' differ from 'communication'?

<p>Language requires learning, communication does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'poetic function' of language primarily concerned with?

<p>The aesthetic quality and formulation of the message. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is central to understanding the concept of 'speech'?

<p>It is the individual application of language in context. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the acquisition of language?

<p>Language is a complex system learned through social interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of applied linguistics?

<p>Studying the accomplishments of language in context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a language that facilitates communication between speakers of different native languages?

<p>Lingua franca (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What development during the 1950s significantly advanced machine translation?

<p>Creation of the first computer capable of translating Russian to English (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are specialized English courses categorized according to Hutchinson and Waters?

<p>By professional applicability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the study of discourse in relation to practical issues?

<p>Discourse analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept reflects the division of knowledge into specialized domains in language teaching?

<p>Field-specific English usage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did socio-economic factors play in the development of specialized English courses in the 1960s and 1970s?

<p>They increased the necessity for English proficiency in scientific and technical fields. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between language, discourse, and speech according to the provided content?

<p>Language is a tool for communication, while discourse pertains to usage in context and speech is individual expression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'English for Specific Purposes' (ESP) primarily refer to?

<p>Language instruction for specialized fields (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discipline is focused on the teaching and pedagogy of specialized languages?

<p>Didactics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of specialized discourse mentioned?

<p>General engineering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been observed in the publication of economic papers regarding mathematical content?

<p>Increased reliance on mathematical models in publications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely a challenge encountered when translating economic concepts like 'commodities'?

<p>There is a semantic range that doesn't translate directly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction between Language for Special Purposes (LSP) and general language?

<p>LSP focuses on specific terminology and linguistic choices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is identified as influencing the structure of specialized communities of speech?

<p>Common linguistic forms and cultural concepts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a characteristic feature of the discipline of economics?

<p>A shift towards mathematical formalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Applied linguistics

The study of how language is used in real-world contexts, including communication and problem-solving.

Linguistics

The study of language as a system of signs and symbols, independent of its use.

Specialised discourse

An analytical approach to language used in specific areas like business, law, or technology.

Lingua franca

A language that facilitates communication between speakers of different native languages.

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English for academic purposes

A language used in academic environments, particularly for teaching and research.

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English for occupational purposes

A language used in professional settings, like the workplace or specific industries.

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Discourse analysis

The study of language use in specific situations, often focusing on social meanings and interactions.

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Machine translation

The process of creating or using computer programs designed to translate between languages.

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Language

A system of communication used by a particular community, organized by rules and acquired through learning. It is influenced by the community's environment and reflects its culture.

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Language (General)

The ability to communicate, inherent in all living beings, including humans and animals.

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Speech

The specific instance of language use, involving individual choices and creativity. It is unique and personal, reflecting the speaker's vocabulary and style.

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Phatic Function

The function of language that focuses on creating a connection between the speaker and the listener, establishing communication.

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Referential Function

The function of language that focuses on the content of the message, conveying information about the real world.

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Expressive Function

The function of language that focuses on the speaker's feelings and emotions, expressing their inner state.

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Conative Function

The function of language that focuses on the listener, aiming to influence or persuade them.

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Metalinguistic Function

The function of language that focuses on discussing the language itself, explaining its rules and structures.

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English for Specific Purposes (ESP)

The specialized language used in a specific field or domain.

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English for Specific Purposes (ESP) as a discipline

The branch of linguistics that studies the specialized language used in specific domains and develops teaching methodologies for its instruction.

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Disciplinary Specialized Discourse

Specialized discourse used in various disciplines, covering areas like social sciences, humanities, formal sciences, health sciences, and more.

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Chronicle

A type of writing that focuses on a specific perspective or area of expertise.

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Linguistic Phenomena in Specialized Domains

The linguistic phenomena observed in a particular domain, such as the use of specific terminology, reliance on specialized theoretical frameworks, and the presence of formalized language.

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Language for Specific Purposes (LSP)

A specialized sub-language used by a particular group or community, differentiated from general language by specific linguistic choices and shared cultural elements.

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Speech Communities

Groups of people who share specific linguistic styles, norms, and cultural concepts. These groups are identified by the unique features of their language use.

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Linguistic Choices in ESP

The linguistic choices made in a particular field or domain, highlighting the differences and similarities with general language.

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Study Notes

Language and Discourse

  • Language is a medium for communication, exemplified by natural languages like French and German.
  • Language is a system of codes and rules.
  • Discourse is the use of language in context.
  • Ferdinand de Saussure's work, Course in General Linguistics, explored language in greater depth.

Language as a Function

  • Language is a function specific to a particular community.
  • Language reflects environmental factors.
  • Language is structured by rules.
  • Language is learned.

Language vs. Discourse Differentiation

  • Differentiating language and discourse allows for deeper investigation of language use.
  • Investigating how language functions in context is a critical part of linguistic study.
  • Studying language and discourse involves an examination of language use in practice.

Specialized Language Study

  • Specialized language is structured according to knowledge areas.
  • Different disciplines use specialized language, such as English in scientific, business, and social science contexts.

Language and Translation

  • Study of languages and translation involves intricate concepts of language use and translation processes.
  • Translation problems are influenced by cultural, semantic, and linguistic factors.
  • Concepts, including economics and commodities, have specific language use in various translations and interpretations.

Research in Translation

  • Translation research is a scientific discipline that studies translation.
  • It involves investigating the structure of language.
  • There are contexts in which a language may be considered professional.

Further Notes

  • Different types of professional discourse exists including fictional and commercial literature.
  • Discourse can be found in specialized fields like history, archaeology, and other fields of study.
  • The methods scientists and professionals use show how language is used.

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Description

Test your understanding of language as a communication medium and its role in discourse. This quiz covers key concepts from Ferdinand de Saussure's work and explores the differentiation between language and discourse within the context of specialized language studies.

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