Language and Cognitive Development
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of language used by less educated parents?

  • Using praise to develop a sense of competence
  • Requiring children to make simple descriptive statements (correct)
  • Encouraging children to evaluate their own understanding
  • Using abstract thinking to explain concepts
  • What is the outcome of parents using language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding or abilities?

  • No impact on cognitive performance
  • Increased dependence on gestures
  • Lower cognitive performance
  • Improved cognitive performance (correct)
  • According to Carl Bereiter and Siegfried Engelmann, what is the primary mode of communication in lower-class homes?

  • Abstract thinking and explanation
  • Gestures, single words or disjointed phrases (correct)
  • Praise and encouragement
  • Complex sentences
  • What is the result of children growing up in lower-class homes, according to cultural deprivation theorists?

    <p>They are unable to use language to explain, describe, enquire or compare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of educated parents using praise with their children?

    <p>Children develop a sense of their own competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between parental education and language usage, according to Leon Feinstein?

    <p>Educated parents are more likely to use language that challenges children and encourages them to develop a sense of their own competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the restricted code and the elaborated code?

    <p>One has a limited vocabulary and the other has a wider vocabulary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bernstein, what is the result of the difference in speech codes for working-class children?

    <p>They are at a disadvantage in school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument of cultural deprivation theorists?

    <p>Working-class children are culturally deprived and that is why they fail in school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the elaborated code in education?

    <p>It is the language used by teachers, textbooks, and exams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Bernstein's view and that of cultural deprivation theorists?

    <p>Bernstein argues that schools fail to teach working-class children the elaborated code, while cultural deprivation theorists argue that parents' attitudes are the key factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of early socialisation into the elaborated code for middle-class children?

    <p>They feel 'at home' in school and are more likely to succeed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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