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Language and Cognitive Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of language used by less educated parents?

Using praise to develop a sense of competence
Requiring children to make simple descriptive statements (correct)
Encouraging children to evaluate their own understanding
Using abstract thinking to explain concepts

What is the outcome of parents using language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding or abilities?

No impact on cognitive performance
Increased dependence on gestures
Lower cognitive performance
Improved cognitive performance (correct)

According to Carl Bereiter and Siegfried Engelmann, what is the primary mode of communication in lower-class homes?

Abstract thinking and explanation
Gestures, single words or disjointed phrases (correct)
Praise and encouragement
Complex sentences

What is the result of children growing up in lower-class homes, according to cultural deprivation theorists?

They are unable to use language to explain, describe, enquire or compare (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of educated parents using praise with their children?

Children develop a sense of their own competence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between parental education and language usage, according to Leon Feinstein?

Educated parents are more likely to use language that challenges children and encourages them to develop a sense of their own competence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the restricted code and the elaborated code?

One has a limited vocabulary and the other has a wider vocabulary. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what is the result of the difference in speech codes for working-class children?

They are at a disadvantage in school. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of cultural deprivation theorists?

Working-class children are culturally deprived and that is why they fail in school. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the elaborated code in education?

It is the language used by teachers, textbooks, and exams. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Bernstein's view and that of cultural deprivation theorists?

Bernstein argues that schools fail to teach working-class children the elaborated code, while cultural deprivation theorists argue that parents' attitudes are the key factor. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of early socialisation into the elaborated code for middle-class children?

They feel 'at home' in school and are more likely to succeed. (B) Signup and view all the answers