Language Acquisition and Development
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Questions and Answers

What is the main idea of Skinner's proposal regarding language acquisition?

  • Language acquisition occurs through explicit grammar teaching
  • Language acquisition is solely dependent on the learner's speech habits
  • The child's language behavior is primarily influenced by their environment
  • The quality and quantity of language input shapes the child's language behavior (correct)

    • According to the Contrastive Hypothesis, the FL learner does not need to change their speech habits to produce target language structures.

    False

    What is the term used to describe the formation of wrong habits in language acquisition?

    fossilization of errors

    Behaviorism had a large impact on the ______________________ Method, which was prominent from the 1950s to the 1960s.

    <p>Audiolingual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does empirical evidence suggest about young children's language learning?

    <p>They select what they imitate from frequent and basic language patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Stimulus = Correct input Response = Repetition Positive reinforcement = Feedback Conditioning = Habit-formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to behaviorism, explicit grammar teaching is beneficial for language acquisition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the psychologist who proposed that the quality and quantity of language input shapes the child's language behavior?

    <p>Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activities do children enjoy?

    <p>Games and dressing up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is important to speak rapidly to young learners to keep their attention.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you focus on when correcting errors in young learners?

    <p>Errors of meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children feel more comfortable when they know it is okay if they don't __________.

    <p>understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of interference with its description:

    <p>Negative interlingual = Mistakes due to L1-L2 differences Negative intralingual = Mistakes due to L2-L2 similarities Positive interlingual = No mistakes due to L1-L2 similarities Positive intralingual = No mistakes due to L2-L2 differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions are recommended to use with young learners?

    <p>Closed questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is beneficial to provide multi-sensory input for children's learning.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a simple way to make meaning clearer when speaking to young learners?

    <p>Using gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the teaching method described?

    <p>Vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The teaching method mentioned addresses both vocabulary and grammar equally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of classes might students attend that focus primarily on vocabulary?

    <p>History class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The teaching method described primarily focuses on __________.

    <p>vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the teaching method with their description:

    <p>Vocabulary = The main focus of instruction Grammar = Not emphasized in instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching method would likely be ineffective for students expecting grammar lessons?

    <p>Task-based teaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The teaching method incorporates both vocabulary and grammar practice.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one outcome expected from a vocabulary-focused teaching method.

    <p>Increased vocabulary knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Students in a vocabulary-focused teaching environment may feel __________ if they expected grammar instruction.

    <p>disappointed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching method emphasizes learning through practical tasks?

    <p>Task based learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The silent way method encourages extensive student talk and minimal teacher intervention.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method that integrates content learning with language learning.

    <p>Content language integrated learning or immersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____________________ method focuses on using physical movement to promote language acquisition.

    <p>Total physical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following teaching methods with their main focuses:

    <p>Direct method = Using real-life situations for language learning Audio-lingualism = Repetition and drills to form habits Suggestopedia = Creating a relaxed and comfortable learning environment Communicative approach = Emphasizing interaction as the primary means of language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is known for its use of dialogs and listening exercises?

    <p>Audio-lingualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Community language learning focuses on grammar rules over communication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____________________ approach focuses primarily on fostering communicative skills rather than formal grammar instruction.

    <p>communicative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for language input that is understood by students?

    <p>Comprehensible input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Repetition is considered boring by most children.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two activities that children enjoy doing in a learning environment.

    <p>Games and stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comprehensible input should be delivered at a pace that is __________ for students.

    <p>not too fast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their relevant descriptions:

    <p>High quantity input = Provides many opportunities to use language High quality input = Offers relevance and clarity in learning Caretaker speech = Language used by adults when speaking to children Varying repetition = Engaging children through different methods of practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is comprehensible input important in language learning?

    <p>It allows students to understand and engage with content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Motherese involves more complex language structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-quality input focuses on __________ rather than solely on form.

    <p>meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does encouragement have on children's participation during lessons?

    <p>It motivates students to actively engage in their learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times more do children talk compared to adults?

    <p>18-10 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Behaviorism and Language Acquisition

    • Skinner emphasized the role of environmental factors, including language exposure and reinforcement, in shaping a child's language behavior.
    • The Contrastive Hypothesis highlights the need for learners to adapt their speech habits to acquire different language structures.
    • Educational methodologies based on behaviorism utilize correct input, repetition, and feedback to form accurate language habits and prevent fossilization of errors.

    Audiolingual Method

    • Emerged prominently between the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on fluency and accuracy through pattern drills.
    • Considered explicit grammar teaching counterproductive to developing fluency.
    • Young children often imitate patterns rather than merely repeating, showing selective imitation of language input.

    Comprehensible Input

    • Defined as language input that is understandable and relevant to the learner's level, aiding in effective language acquisition.
    • Teachers provide comprehensible input by using clear, slow speech and ensuring content matches learners' understanding.
    • Understanding this concept is crucial for engaging students and fostering participation.

    Activities Enjoyed by Children

    • Children thrive on interactive and engaging activities such as songs, chants, games, and role play.
    • Multi-sensory input enhances learning experiences, allowing for engagement beyond verbal communication.
    • Varied repetitions and enrichment in vocabulary help keep children interested and motivated.

    Effective Communication with Young Learners

    • Teachers should communicate at a suitable level, speaking slowly, articulating clearly, and maintaining eye contact to foster comfort and response.
    • Use gestures and visual aids, such as pictures, to clarify meaning and reinforce learning.
    • Providing extended time for storytelling enables deeper engagement with the material and promotes understanding.

    Error Correction Strategies

    • Focus should be on meaning rather than form when correcting errors in young learners, employing indirect error correction techniques.
    • Understanding common mistakes made by learners, such as interlingual and intralingual errors, helps inform teaching strategies.

    Questioning Techniques

    • Employ closed questions to facilitate comfort and comprehension among young learners, avoiding open-ended questions that may cause anxiety.
    • Effective questioning encourages learner participation and maintains engagement.

    Common Challenges for Language Learners

    • Negative interlingual interference occurs when learners apply rules from their first language incorrectly in the second language.
    • Conversely, positive interference can aid language learning, demonstrating the complexities involved in the acquisition process.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the theories of language acquisition and development, including Skinner's proposal and the Contrastive Hypothesis. Test your knowledge on how language is shaped in children and FL learners.

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