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Lamellar and Compact Bone: Structure and Mechanics

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According to Wolff's Law, what happens if the strain on a bone is too high?

New bone is laid down along the lines of stress

What type of bone has a much larger surface area compared to other types?

Trabecular/spongy bone

In bone remodeling according to Wolff's Law, what occurs when the strain is too low?

Bone loss happens

Which type of bone shows more resistance to compressive forces?

<p>Cancellous/trabecular/spongy bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes woven bone from other types of bone?

<p>Higher turnover rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the compressive strength of bone?

<p>Calcium Hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone microstructure level involves the organization of mineral within the matrix?

<p>Fibril array patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mineral component of bone that plays a crucial role in mineralization?

<p>Calcium Hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Wolff's Law, what principle describes how bone forms and remodels in response to stressors?

<p>Bone's Functional Adaptation principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone exhibits a porous structure and is also known as trabecular bone?

<p>Cancellous Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is characterized by randomly oriented collagen fibers and is often seen in the early stages of fracture healing?

<p>Woven Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about compact bone (cortical bone) is correct?

<p>It comprises 80% of the skeleton and is connected by Haversian canals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about trabecular bone is incorrect?

<p>It has a higher resistance to torsion and bending than compact bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Wolff's law, which of the following statements is true?

<p>Bone remodels itself in response to changes in mechanical loading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about woven bone is incorrect?

<p>It is more mineralized than lamellar bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cement lines in compact bone?

<p>To define the outer border of the osteon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cancellous bone (trabecular bone) is correct?

<p>It is less dense than compact bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mechanical loading would lead to stress not being equally distributed in a bone, with an increased magnitude farther from the neutral axis?

<p>Torsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

When loaded along different axes, bone exhibits different mechanical properties due to its:

<p>Anisotropic behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

During torsional loading of a bone, which mechanical phenomenon occurs?

<p>Twist about an axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of bone is primarily responsible for its stiffer but less plastic behavior?

<p>Increased stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bone mechanics, which region is known for exhibiting viscoelastic behavior under varying rates of loading?

<p>Toe region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mechanical load on bone is characterized by developed shear stress with stress magnitude proportional to the distance from the axis?

<p>Torsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the stress-strain behavior of bone that allows it to withstand bending forces?

<p>A large toe region</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone cell is primarily responsible for the plastic deformation of bone under high stress?

<p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Wolff's Law, which of the following is the primary mechanism by which bone remodels in response to increased mechanical stress?

<p>Increased osteoblast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is most susceptible to plastic deformation under torsional stress?

<p>Cancellous bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cement lines in compact bone?

<p>To act as a barrier against crack propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the stress-strain behavior of bone that allows it to withstand compressive forces?

<p>A significant plastic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism responsible for the plastic deformation of bone under high loads?

<p>Collagen fiber slippage and microcracking of mineral crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the stress-strain curve of bone, what region is characterized by a gradual increase in strain with minimal increases in stress?

<p>Toe region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which bone resists torsional loads?

<p>Tensile and compressive deformation of the collagen fibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for the remodeling of bone in response to mechanical loading, as described by Wolff's Law?

<p>Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bone dissipates energy during the initial stages of deformation under bending loads?

<p>Straightening of the collagen fibers and removal of structural kinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism responsible for the viscoelastic behavior of bone under cyclic loading?

<p>Viscous flow of the non-collagenous matrix proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of cancellous bone (trabecular bone) that differentiates it from compact bone in terms of resisting compressive forces?

<p>Lower apparent modulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

When bone is subject to compressive forces, what property allows it to maintain its structural integrity?

<p>Nonlinear elastic behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bone mechanics, what structural feature enables bone to withstand bending forces more effectively?

<p>Cross section drifting relative to bone ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under torsional loading, what type of mechanical phenomenon characterizes bone's response to shear stress?

<p>Nonlinear elastic behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanical load on bone is characterized by developed shear stress with stress magnitude proportional to the distance from the axis?

<p>Shear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural property of cancellous bone (trabecular bone) contributes to its significant resistance to compressive forces compared to other bone types?

<p>More remodeling along lines of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanical loading conditions primarily induces shear stresses in bone?

<p>Torsional loading</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bone mechanics, which type of loading primarily induces tensile stresses?

<p>Tensile loading</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanical loading conditions primarily induces compressive stresses in bone?

<p>Compressive loading</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of loading is most likely to cause brittle failure in cortical bone when applied in the transverse direction?

<p>Tensile loading</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a three-point bending load on a bone, which of the following statements is true?

<p>The stress magnitude increases farther from the neutral axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of three-point bending of bone, which region experiences the highest tensile stresses?

<p>The tension side</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanical loading conditions primarily induces combined compressive and tensile stresses in bone?

<p>Three-point bending</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of loading is most likely to cause shear stress development in a bone?

<p>Torsional loading</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of torsional loading of bone, which region experiences the highest shear stresses?

<p>The outermost surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the viscoelastic behavior of bone?

<p>Increased loading rate increases stiffness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In torsional loading of a bone, what is the relationship between shear stress magnitude and distance from the axis?

<p>Shear stress magnitude increases farther from the axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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