Lactate Structure and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary process through which lactate is converted to glucose in the liver?

  • Fermentation
  • Lactate Dehydrogenase Reaction
  • Gluconeogenesis (correct)
  • Oxidation
  • Which of the following accurately describes the kidney's function regarding lactate?

  • It disposes lactate through three mechanisms including gluconeogenesis. (correct)
  • Only excretion of lactate occurs.
  • It exclusively oxidizes lactate to form CO2 and water.
  • It converts lactate into glucose using the Krebs cycle.
  • How much ATP is utilized in gluconeogenesis when converting lactate to glucose in the liver?

  • 8 ATP molecules
  • 4 ATP molecules
  • 2 ATP molecules
  • 6 ATP molecules (correct)
  • What percentage of lactate metabolism is contributed by the kidneys?

    <p>10 to 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is uniquely present in the liver and kidneys for lactate conversion to glucose?

    <p>Lactate Dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant stereoisomer of lactate produced in the human body?

    <p>L-lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition leads to the production of lactate via pyruvate reduction?

    <p>Anaerobic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main biochemical reaction responsible for transforming pyruvate into lactate?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source is NOT a primary contributor to the intracellular production of L-lactate?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the pathological buildup of lactate in the bloodstream?

    <p>Imbalance of lactate production and excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical classification of lactate?

    <p>Hydrocarboxylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs to lactate in the liver?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lactate Structure

    • Lactate is a hydrocarboxylic acid
    • It has two stereoisomers: L-lactate (predominant) and D-lactate

    Lactate Production

    • Main sources: Glucose and alanine
    • Alanine is converted to pyruvate by transamination
    • Production mechanism: Pyruvate is converted to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under anaerobic conditions
    • Anaerobic conditions occur when pyruvate oxidation in the citric acid cycle is overwhelmed

    Lactate Metabolism

    • Liver: Primarily responsible for lactate metabolism
      • Converts lactate to glucose through gluconeogenesis, utilizing the Cori cycle
      • Requires 6 ATP molecules for this process
    • Kidney: Contributes approximately 10-20% to total lactate metabolism
      • Disposes of lactate through three pathways:
        • Excretion in urine
        • Gluconeogenesis
        • Oxidation
    • Other tissues: Can use lactate as a substrate and oxidize it to CO2 and water

    Lactate Conversion to Glucose

    • Only the liver and kidneys possess the enzymes required to convert lactate to glucose
    • Other tissues can only oxidize lactate to CO2 and water.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure, production, and metabolism of lactate. It discusses its stereoisomers, key sources, and the mechanisms by which lactate is produced and utilized in the body, particularly focusing on liver and kidney functions in lactate metabolism.

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