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Questions and Answers
What is the primary process through which lactate is converted to glucose in the liver?
Which of the following accurately describes the kidney's function regarding lactate?
How much ATP is utilized in gluconeogenesis when converting lactate to glucose in the liver?
What percentage of lactate metabolism is contributed by the kidneys?
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Which enzyme is uniquely present in the liver and kidneys for lactate conversion to glucose?
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What is the predominant stereoisomer of lactate produced in the human body?
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Which condition leads to the production of lactate via pyruvate reduction?
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What is the main biochemical reaction responsible for transforming pyruvate into lactate?
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Which source is NOT a primary contributor to the intracellular production of L-lactate?
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What leads to the pathological buildup of lactate in the bloodstream?
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Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic conditions?
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What is the chemical classification of lactate?
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What process occurs to lactate in the liver?
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Study Notes
Lactate Structure
- Lactate is a hydrocarboxylic acid
- It has two stereoisomers: L-lactate (predominant) and D-lactate
Lactate Production
- Main sources: Glucose and alanine
- Alanine is converted to pyruvate by transamination
- Production mechanism: Pyruvate is converted to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under anaerobic conditions
- Anaerobic conditions occur when pyruvate oxidation in the citric acid cycle is overwhelmed
Lactate Metabolism
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Liver: Primarily responsible for lactate metabolism
- Converts lactate to glucose through gluconeogenesis, utilizing the Cori cycle
- Requires 6 ATP molecules for this process
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Kidney: Contributes approximately 10-20% to total lactate metabolism
- Disposes of lactate through three pathways:
- Excretion in urine
- Gluconeogenesis
- Oxidation
- Disposes of lactate through three pathways:
- Other tissues: Can use lactate as a substrate and oxidize it to CO2 and water
Lactate Conversion to Glucose
- Only the liver and kidneys possess the enzymes required to convert lactate to glucose
- Other tissues can only oxidize lactate to CO2 and water.
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Description
This quiz covers the structure, production, and metabolism of lactate. It discusses its stereoisomers, key sources, and the mechanisms by which lactate is produced and utilized in the body, particularly focusing on liver and kidney functions in lactate metabolism.
