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What is the purpose of measuring immune responses?
What is the purpose of measuring immune responses?
To study the magnitude and quality of the immune response induced by natural infection or vaccination, to study correlates of protection against disease, to identify and characterise functional subsets of immune cells, and to evaluate the effect of adjuvantation on immune responses.
What is the significance of correlates of protection (CoP) in measuring immune responses?
What is the significance of correlates of protection (CoP) in measuring immune responses?
CoP is an immune response that is statistically correlated with protection and can facilitate demonstrating vaccine efficacy and support healthcare workers in managing vaccination of (immunocompromised) individuals.
How to measure immunity in vivo
How to measure immunity in vivo
assesment of protective immunity, transfer protective immunity
What is the role of immune response measurement in evaluating the effect of adjuvantation?
What is the role of immune response measurement in evaluating the effect of adjuvantation?
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How is the area of hemolysis measured in the Single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay?
How is the area of hemolysis measured in the Single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay?
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What is the purpose of the Virus neutralization (VN) assay?
What is the purpose of the Virus neutralization (VN) assay?
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What is the difference between (Micro)neutralization and pseudovirus neutralisation assay (PNA)?
What is the difference between (Micro)neutralization and pseudovirus neutralisation assay (PNA)?
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What is the outcome determined by in the pseudovirus neutralisation assay (PNA)?
What is the outcome determined by in the pseudovirus neutralisation assay (PNA)?
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How to measure humoral immunity in vitro?
How to measure humoral immunity in vitro?
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Study Notes
Measuring Immune Responses
- Assessing immune responses is crucial for understanding the body's defense against pathogens and evaluating vaccine efficacy.
- Measurement can provide insights into the timing and strength of immune reactions, which inform treatment and prevention strategies.
Correlates of Protection (CoP)
- CoPs are specific immune markers that correlate with protection against infection or disease.
- Establishing CoPs helps in predicting the effectiveness of vaccines, guiding improvements in vaccine design, and ensuring safety standards.
Measuring Immunity In Vivo
- In vivo measurements assess immune responses within living organisms, employing techniques like flow cytometry, ELISPOT, and cytokine profiling.
- These methods offer real-time insights into immune cell dynamics and functionality.
Role of Immune Response Measurement in Adjuvantation
- Evaluating immune responses helps determine the efficacy of adjuvants, which enhance vaccine effectiveness.
- Adjuvantation is assessed by measuring the quality and quantity of immune responses, such as antibody production and T-cell activation.
Single Radial Haemolysis (SRH) Assay
- The area of hemolysis in the SRH assay indicates the presence and concentration of antibodies against a specific antigen.
- Hemolytic activity is measured by quantifying the zone of lysis around a test antigen, reflecting the humoral immune response.
Virus Neutralization (VN) Assay
- VN assays determine the ability of antibodies to neutralize viral infectivity, providing a measure of the humoral immune response.
- The assay is vital for evaluating vaccine-induced immunity and therapeutic antibody efficacy.
Difference Between (Micro)neutralization and Pseudovirus Neutralisation Assay (PNA)
- (Micro)neutralization assays use live viruses to test antibody function, whereas PNA utilizes genetically modified pseudoviruses for safer analysis.
- PNA simplifies the testing process and reduces the risks associated with handling pathogenic viruses.
Outcome of Pseudovirus Neutralisation Assay (PNA)
- The outcome is typically measured by the reduction in infection rate of target cells, reflecting the neutralizing capacity of antibodies against the pseudovirus.
- PNA results inform vaccine development and antibody therapy assessments.
Measuring Humoral Immunity In Vitro
- In vitro methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and complement fixation tests, evaluate antibody production and functionality outside living organisms.
- These assays quantify specific antigen-antibody interactions, providing critical insights into the humoral immune response.
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Description
Test your knowledge of laboratory evaluation of humoral and cellular immune response with this quiz. Explore topics such as measuring immunity in vivo, measuring humoral immunity in vitro, and measuring cell-mediated immunity. Also, learn about assay validation and study endpoints in immunogenicity testing.
