Immune Response and Defense Mechanisms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

  • Fever and inflammation
  • Skin and mucous membranes (correct)
  • Interferons
  • Antimicrobial proteins

    • Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier in the first line of defense?

  • Sebum (correct)
  • Interferons
  • Antibodies
  • Macrophages

    • What is the main function of the complement system in the second line of defense?

  • Creating a hostile environment for other microbes
  • Attaching to bacterial walls and impaling the cell (correct)
  • Killing viruses
  • Secreting interferon

    • What is the role of interferons in the immune system?

    <p>Attacks virally infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fever in the second line of defense?

    <p>Elevates the body's temperature to fight infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete mucus as part of the first line of defense?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do antimicrobial proteins like lysozyme in tears and saliva do?

    <p>Act as a natural antibacterial chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is effective against bacteria but not viruses?

    <p>The complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sebum as a chemical barrier?

    <p>Forms a protective acidic film over the skin surface that is hostile to many bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the third line of defense in the immune system?

    <p>Mounts a specific attack against a specific pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells release histamines and other chemicals implicated in allergic symptoms?

    <p>Basophils and mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells carry receptors on their surface that bind to specific antigens?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are stimulated to divide by cytokines released from helper T cells?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells travel through the blood and lymph to the lymph nodes and stimulate cytotoxic T cells and matching B cells?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells attack virus-infected cells and tumor cells through cell-to-cell contact?

    <p>Natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred without stimulating the immune system?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of active immunity?

    <p>Creation of memory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an autoimmune response?

    <p>An immune response in which the body attacks itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease attacks the absorptive portion of the intestinal tract?

    <p>Crohn's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease attacks the pancreas?

    <p>Type I diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing specific antibodies?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pyrogens in the immune response?

    <p>Causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lymphatic system in the immune response?

    <p>Filtering and cleaning lymph, checking for pathogens, and defending against specific invaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens?

    <p>Specific immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of phagocytes in the immune response?

    <p>Removing dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells carry out cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of inflammation in the immune response?

    <p>Creating localized swelling, redness, heat, and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of memory B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Quickly producing antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IgM in the immune response?

    <p>First immunoglobulin released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for removing dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material?

    <p>Neutrophils and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Filtering and cleaning lymph, checking for pathogens, and defending against specific invaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens?

    <p>Specific immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?

    <p>Producing specific antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibodies occurs in the circulating blood?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resets the body's thermostat to a higher temperature, causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly?

    <p>Pyrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves B cells producing antibodies that inactivate antigens?

    <p>Antibody-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IgE antibodies in the body?

    <p>Involvement in allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for directly attacking pathogen-containing cells?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do vaccinations rely on to quickly produce antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen?

    <p>Memory B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune Response and Defense Mechanisms

    • Pyrogens reset the body's thermostat to a higher temperature, causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly
    • Inflammation is a localized method triggered by various factors, producing swelling, redness, heat, and pain
    • Phagocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages, remove dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material
    • The lymphatic system, consisting of lymph, lymphatic organs, vessels, and nodes, filters and cleans lymph, checks for pathogens, and defends against specific invaders
    • Specific immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens, reacting to a particular antigen
    • The immune system combats pathogens through antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity, carried out by lymphocytes
    • B cells produce specific antibodies, while T cells directly attack pathogen-containing cells
    • Lymphocytes have receptors specific to only one antigen, providing specific immunity
    • Antibody-mediated immunity involves B cells producing antibodies that inactivate antigens and create memory B cells for long-term immunity
    • There are five classes of antibodies, each with specific functions and locations in the body
    • IgG occurs in the circulating blood, IgM is the first immunoglobulin released, IgA can be found in secretions, IgD binds antigens, and IgE is involved in allergic reactions
    • Vaccinations rely on memory B cells to quickly produce antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of immune response and defense mechanisms with this quiz. Explore topics such as fever, inflammation, phagocytes, lymphatic system, specific immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, cell-mediated immunity, B and T cells, antibodies, and vaccinations.

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