40 Questions
What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
Skin and mucous membranes
Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier in the first line of defense?
Sebum
What is the main function of the complement system in the second line of defense?
Attaching to bacterial walls and impaling the cell
What is the role of interferons in the immune system?
Attacks virally infected cells
What is the purpose of fever in the second line of defense?
Elevates the body's temperature to fight infection
Which cells secrete mucus as part of the first line of defense?
Goblet cells
What do antimicrobial proteins like lysozyme in tears and saliva do?
Act as a natural antibacterial chemical
Which system is effective against bacteria but not viruses?
The complement system
What is the purpose of sebum as a chemical barrier?
Forms a protective acidic film over the skin surface that is hostile to many bacteria
What is the function of the third line of defense in the immune system?
Mounts a specific attack against a specific pathogen
Which cells release histamines and other chemicals implicated in allergic symptoms?
Basophils and mast cells
Which cells carry receptors on their surface that bind to specific antigens?
T cells
Which cells are stimulated to divide by cytokines released from helper T cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
Which cells travel through the blood and lymph to the lymph nodes and stimulate cytotoxic T cells and matching B cells?
Helper T cells
Which cells attack virus-infected cells and tumor cells through cell-to-cell contact?
Natural killer cells
Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred without stimulating the immune system?
Passive immunity
What is the advantage of active immunity?
Creation of memory cells
What is an autoimmune response?
An immune response in which the body attacks itself
Which autoimmune disease attacks the absorptive portion of the intestinal tract?
Crohn's disease
Which autoimmune disease attacks the pancreas?
Type I diabetes mellitus
Which cells are responsible for producing specific antibodies?
B cells
Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the role of pyrogens in the immune response?
Causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly
What is the function of the lymphatic system in the immune response?
Filtering and cleaning lymph, checking for pathogens, and defending against specific invaders
Which type of immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens?
Specific immunity
What is the main function of phagocytes in the immune response?
Removing dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material
Which cells carry out cell-mediated immunity?
T cells
What is the primary function of inflammation in the immune response?
Creating localized swelling, redness, heat, and pain
What is the purpose of memory B cells in the immune response?
Quickly producing antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen
What is the function of IgM in the immune response?
First immunoglobulin released
Which cells are responsible for removing dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material?
Neutrophils and macrophages
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
Filtering and cleaning lymph, checking for pathogens, and defending against specific invaders
Which type of immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens?
Specific immunity
What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?
Producing specific antibodies
Which class of antibodies occurs in the circulating blood?
IgG
What resets the body's thermostat to a higher temperature, causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly?
Pyrogens
Which type of immunity involves B cells producing antibodies that inactivate antigens?
Antibody-mediated immunity
What is the function of IgE antibodies in the body?
Involvement in allergic reactions
Which cells are responsible for directly attacking pathogen-containing cells?
T cells
What do vaccinations rely on to quickly produce antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen?
Memory B cells
Study Notes
Immune Response and Defense Mechanisms
- Pyrogens reset the body's thermostat to a higher temperature, causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly
- Inflammation is a localized method triggered by various factors, producing swelling, redness, heat, and pain
- Phagocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages, remove dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material
- The lymphatic system, consisting of lymph, lymphatic organs, vessels, and nodes, filters and cleans lymph, checks for pathogens, and defends against specific invaders
- Specific immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens, reacting to a particular antigen
- The immune system combats pathogens through antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity, carried out by lymphocytes
- B cells produce specific antibodies, while T cells directly attack pathogen-containing cells
- Lymphocytes have receptors specific to only one antigen, providing specific immunity
- Antibody-mediated immunity involves B cells producing antibodies that inactivate antigens and create memory B cells for long-term immunity
- There are five classes of antibodies, each with specific functions and locations in the body
- IgG occurs in the circulating blood, IgM is the first immunoglobulin released, IgA can be found in secretions, IgD binds antigens, and IgE is involved in allergic reactions
- Vaccinations rely on memory B cells to quickly produce antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen
Test your knowledge of immune response and defense mechanisms with this quiz. Explore topics such as fever, inflammation, phagocytes, lymphatic system, specific immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, cell-mediated immunity, B and T cells, antibodies, and vaccinations.
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