Immune Response and Defense Mechanisms Quiz
40 Questions
81 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

  • Fever and inflammation
  • Skin and mucous membranes (correct)
  • Interferons
  • Antimicrobial proteins

Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier in the first line of defense?

  • Sebum (correct)
  • Interferons
  • Antibodies
  • Macrophages

What is the main function of the complement system in the second line of defense?

  • Creating a hostile environment for other microbes
  • Attaching to bacterial walls and impaling the cell (correct)
  • Killing viruses
  • Secreting interferon

What is the role of interferons in the immune system?

<p>Attacks virally infected cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fever in the second line of defense?

<p>Elevates the body's temperature to fight infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells secrete mucus as part of the first line of defense?

<p>Goblet cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do antimicrobial proteins like lysozyme in tears and saliva do?

<p>Act as a natural antibacterial chemical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is effective against bacteria but not viruses?

<p>The complement system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sebum as a chemical barrier?

<p>Forms a protective acidic film over the skin surface that is hostile to many bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the third line of defense in the immune system?

<p>Mounts a specific attack against a specific pathogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells release histamines and other chemicals implicated in allergic symptoms?

<p>Basophils and mast cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells carry receptors on their surface that bind to specific antigens?

<p>T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are stimulated to divide by cytokines released from helper T cells?

<p>Cytotoxic T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells travel through the blood and lymph to the lymph nodes and stimulate cytotoxic T cells and matching B cells?

<p>Helper T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells attack virus-infected cells and tumor cells through cell-to-cell contact?

<p>Natural killer cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred without stimulating the immune system?

<p>Passive immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of active immunity?

<p>Creation of memory cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an autoimmune response?

<p>An immune response in which the body attacks itself (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease attacks the absorptive portion of the intestinal tract?

<p>Crohn's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease attacks the pancreas?

<p>Type I diabetes mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for producing specific antibodies?

<p>B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pyrogens in the immune response?

<p>Causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymphatic system in the immune response?

<p>Filtering and cleaning lymph, checking for pathogens, and defending against specific invaders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens?

<p>Specific immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phagocytes in the immune response?

<p>Removing dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells carry out cell-mediated immunity?

<p>T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inflammation in the immune response?

<p>Creating localized swelling, redness, heat, and pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of memory B cells in the immune response?

<p>Quickly producing antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgM in the immune response?

<p>First immunoglobulin released (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for removing dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material?

<p>Neutrophils and macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

<p>Filtering and cleaning lymph, checking for pathogens, and defending against specific invaders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens?

<p>Specific immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?

<p>Producing specific antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antibodies occurs in the circulating blood?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What resets the body's thermostat to a higher temperature, causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly?

<p>Pyrogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves B cells producing antibodies that inactivate antigens?

<p>Antibody-mediated immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgE antibodies in the body?

<p>Involvement in allergic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for directly attacking pathogen-containing cells?

<p>T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do vaccinations rely on to quickly produce antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen?

<p>Memory B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

First Line of Defense

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, consisting of physical and chemical barriers.

Physical Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body.

Stratum Corneum

The skin's outermost layer of dead cells helps prevent pathogens from penetrating.

Mucous Membranes

Mucous membranes line body openings and trap pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chemical Barriers

Substances produced by the body that inhibit or kill pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sweat and Sebum

Sweat and sebum create an acidic environment on the skin, inhibiting bacterial growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lysozyme

Saliva and tears contain lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Second Line of Defense

The second line of defense, involving a more general and non-specific response to pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phagocytes

Specialized white blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inflammation

Process by which the body isolates and destroys infected or damaged cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Complement System

A group of proteins that circulate in the blood and help destroy pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interferons

Proteins released by virally infected cells that help neighboring cells resist infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fever

An elevated body temperature that can help fight infection by inhibiting pathogen growth and enhancing immune cell activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Third Line of Defense

The most specific and advanced line of defense, involving the recognition and destruction of specific pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphocytes

Specialized white blood cells that are responsible for the immune system's specific response to pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

T cells

Lymphocytes that recognize and destroy infected cells directly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

B cells

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies to fight off specific pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibodies

Proteins that bind to specific antigens on pathogens, neutralizing or tagging them for destruction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antigens

Molecules on the surface of pathogens that are recognized by the immune system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immune Response

The process by which the immune system learns to recognize and respond to specific pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Active Immunity

Type of immunity acquired when an individual's own immune system produces antibodies in response to a pathogen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Passive Immunity

Type of immunity acquired when antibodies are transferred from one individual to another.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immunity

The state of being resistant to a particular disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autoimmune Disease

A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Allergy

An exaggerated immune response to a normally harmless substance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immune Memory

The ability of the immune system to remember specific pathogens and respond more quickly and effectively on subsequent exposures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Helper T Cells

Specialized T cells that help activate other immune cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytotoxic T Cells

Specialized T cells that directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural Killer Cells

Specialized white blood cells that kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibody-Mediated Immunity

The branch of the immune system that involves antibodies produced by B cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell-Mediated Immunity

The branch of the immune system that involves T cells directly attacking infected cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Immune Response and Defense Mechanisms

  • Pyrogens reset the body's thermostat to a higher temperature, causing fever to harm pathogens directly and indirectly
  • Inflammation is a localized method triggered by various factors, producing swelling, redness, heat, and pain
  • Phagocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages, remove dead cells, pathogens, and foreign material
  • The lymphatic system, consisting of lymph, lymphatic organs, vessels, and nodes, filters and cleans lymph, checks for pathogens, and defends against specific invaders
  • Specific immunity relies on lymphocytes that recognize and remember pathogens, reacting to a particular antigen
  • The immune system combats pathogens through antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity, carried out by lymphocytes
  • B cells produce specific antibodies, while T cells directly attack pathogen-containing cells
  • Lymphocytes have receptors specific to only one antigen, providing specific immunity
  • Antibody-mediated immunity involves B cells producing antibodies that inactivate antigens and create memory B cells for long-term immunity
  • There are five classes of antibodies, each with specific functions and locations in the body
  • IgG occurs in the circulating blood, IgM is the first immunoglobulin released, IgA can be found in secretions, IgD binds antigens, and IgE is involved in allergic reactions
  • Vaccinations rely on memory B cells to quickly produce antibodies in response to a reappearing pathogen

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge of immune response and defense mechanisms with this quiz. Explore topics such as fever, inflammation, phagocytes, lymphatic system, specific immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, cell-mediated immunity, B and T cells, antibodies, and vaccinations.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser