Labor Relations and Nonelite Mobilization

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Questions and Answers

Which statement regarding workers employed in certain industries is accurate?

They only show organization during strikes.

They generally exhibit higher levels of organization and mobilization. (correct)

They have lower levels of organization and mobilization compared to others.

Their mobilization is irrelevant for overall disruptive capacity.

What does a greater share of nonelites employed in these industries signify?

It raises overall disruptive capacity. (correct)

It leads to organized labor disintegration.

It has no impact on disruptive capacity.

It reduces overall disruptive capacity.

What are the three leading indicators of nonelite capacity and mobilization mentioned?

Union membership, strike volume, job satisfaction.

Union membership, strike frequency, strike volume. (correct)

Strike frequency, job security, union membership.

Wage growth, strike volume, employment rate.

How does disruptive capacity affect union membership?

A standard deviation increase correlates with a change of about 0.91 standard deviations. Signup and view all the answers

What is statistically significant at a 5% level in relation to disruptive capacity?

It predicts union membership trends. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures has not been commonly used to assess workers’ organizational power?

Actual wage levels in various industries. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'strike frequency' indicator measure?

The number of strikes per 100,000 working-age people. Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher's work aligns with measuring nonelite mobilization or organization?

Rudra 2002. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the state's strategy as the gap between the disruptive capacities of elites and nonelites narrows?

The state shifts its attention away from elites. Signup and view all the answers

Why might the state choose to acknowledge the interests of nonelites despite their lower disruptive capacity?

Nonelites are more capable of collective action when grievances are ignored. Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the balance of power have on policy outcomes?

It shapes the balance of policy decisions made by the state. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of power-resources theory?

Explaining policy outcomes in advanced capitalist democracies. Signup and view all the answers

In a democratic political authority, what motivates nonelites in comparison to elites?

To demand and participate in democratization. Signup and view all the answers

What risk does the state face when it ignores the interests of nonelites?

Heightened collective action leading to disruption. Signup and view all the answers

How does the state typically respond to the organizing efforts of nonelites?

By implementing a middle-of-the-road strategy. Signup and view all the answers

What dynamic is suggested by the relationship between the strength of nonelites and state policy?

The influence of nonelites increases as their organizing strength grows. Signup and view all the answers

What does the aggregate measure of nonelite disruptive capacity aim to illustrate?

The role of nonelites in democratization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is suggested as a potential reason for the correlation between capacity and democracy?

Democracy may occur independently of capacity Signup and view all the answers

What did the author indicate about the relationship between landlords and democratization?

Landlords can threaten the process of democratization Signup and view all the answers

What does the author imply about future research in this area?

Investigating omitted variables may yield new insights Signup and view all the answers

What assumption did the author make regarding the preferences of nonelites?

Nonelites always prefer democracy to dictatorship. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the specification in equation 1 to avoid biased estimates?

All constituent variables must be stationary. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'antecedent capacity' refer to in the context of democratization?

Pre-existing capacities that may influence democratization Signup and view all the answers

What does Nickell’s bias primarily affect in panel regressions?

It leads to biased and inconsistent parameter estimates. Signup and view all the answers

According to the author, what is necessary for understanding the drive behind democratization?

An improved understanding of collective action theory Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did the author identify regarding the measurement of democratization?

It is difficult to capture institutional changes quantitatively Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hypothesis regarding capitalist development and democracy?

Capitalist development incubates democracy by weakening antidemocratic landlords. Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'long-run multipliers' refer to in this context?

The changes in democracy over periods of time. Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the correlation of the lagged dependent variable and the effective error term?

They create a serious issue with biased estimates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of landlord capacity on democratization according to the findings?

It inhibits democratization. Signup and view all the answers

How does observing results at a 5- or 10-year interval affect confidence in findings?

It enhances confidence in the underlying association. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to restrict the annual sample to countries with at least 20 years of data?

To ensure that findings are not biased by short data spans. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary measure used to assess overall progress in electoral democracy in the V-Dem data set?

v2x_polyarchy Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the working-age population in the study mentioned?

Ages 15 to 65 Signup and view all the answers

Which data set is considered the least reliable for estimating workforce categories?

Mitchell’s International Historical Statistics Signup and view all the answers

How is the nonelite capacity measured in this analysis?

Count of workers in manufacturing, mining, construction, and transport divided by the working-age population Signup and view all the answers

What methodology is used to pool responses from country experts in the V-Dem data set?

Statistical model accounting for coder differences Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT accounted for when determining the level of democracy in the V-Dem framework?

Overall economic indicators Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue faced when collecting data from national censuses as noted in the analysis?

Irregular intervals at which they are available. Signup and view all the answers

What type of analysis is used to estimate missing values in the data set from national censuses?

Interpolation Signup and view all the answers

What do modernization theorists argue about the relationship between development and democracy?

Development fosters democracy by raising standards of living. Signup and view all the answers

How does the relationship between employment in high-capacity industries and economic development change over time?

It is positive at earlier levels and negative at higher levels. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'premature deindustrialization' imply according to recent research?

Later developing countries reach peak industrial employment sooner and at lower levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation coefficient (r) between disruptive capacity and economic development mentioned in the content?

0.62 Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal objective of the quantitative test proposed in the article?

To test the hypothesis that nonelite capacity drives democratic gains. Signup and view all the answers

What measure of democracy is used as a dependent variable in the analysis?

The 21-point Polity2 score rescaled between 0 and 100. Signup and view all the answers

In regression analysis, what does the author imply about controlling for GDP per capita?

It adjusts for the confounding effects on democracy. Signup and view all the answers

Which index is described as having less biased samples but insufficient time periods for understanding long-run democratization?

Mosley’s Labor Rights Index Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Democracy and the Class Struggle

Societies today demonstrate more equal distribution of political power compared to the past.
Existing theories of democratic transition, largely tied to the rise of capitalism, are deemed insufficient by the author.
A new model of democratic transition, focused on "disruptive capacity," is introduced.
The author collects data on employment structures and democratization throughout history.
The disruptive capacity of non-elites is a key driver of democratic advancements.
Landlord power hinders democratic gains, especially in late development stages.
The disparity in democratic development is significantly linked to differences in the capacity of elites and non-elites.

Introduction

Ordinary people had limited influence over their lives until relatively recently (150 years ago).
Economic and political elites largely ignored the concerns of the working class.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to labor relations, particularly focusing on nonelite employment and their capacity for mobilization. It covers various indicators of workers' organizational power and the dynamics between elites and nonelites in the workforce. Test your knowledge on the statistical significance of disruptive capacity and its implications for union membership and state strategies.