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Questions and Answers
Which statement accurately describes the function of body cavities in vertebrates?
Which statement accurately describes the function of body cavities in vertebrates?
What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the peritoneal cavity in mammals?
What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the peritoneal cavity in mammals?
In which of the following vertebrates would you find a pleuroperitoneal cavity?
In which of the following vertebrates would you find a pleuroperitoneal cavity?
What is the primary function of the rugae in the stomach?
What is the primary function of the rugae in the stomach?
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Which type of reproduction is characterized by organisms that give birth to live young and use a placenta?
Which type of reproduction is characterized by organisms that give birth to live young and use a placenta?
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What connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder in vertebrates?
What connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder in vertebrates?
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Which of the following structures is involved in filtering and producing urine?
Which of the following structures is involved in filtering and producing urine?
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Which of the following organs is part of both the digestive and urogenital systems in some vertebrates?
Which of the following organs is part of both the digestive and urogenital systems in some vertebrates?
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What is the function of the papillae found in the esophagus of the dogfish?
What is the function of the papillae found in the esophagus of the dogfish?
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Which structure separates the anterior region of the intestines from the posterior region in the dogfish?
Which structure separates the anterior region of the intestines from the posterior region in the dogfish?
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What shape does the dogfish stomach resemble?
What shape does the dogfish stomach resemble?
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What connects the gall bladder to the duodenum in the dogfish?
What connects the gall bladder to the duodenum in the dogfish?
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Which organ functions in salt excretion in the dogfish?
Which organ functions in salt excretion in the dogfish?
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What is the purpose of the transverse septum in the dogfish's body?
What is the purpose of the transverse septum in the dogfish's body?
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What is a notable feature of the kidneys in the dogfish?
What is a notable feature of the kidneys in the dogfish?
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Why do dogfish have high levels of urea in their body?
Why do dogfish have high levels of urea in their body?
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What structure in male dogfish is responsible for storing mature sperm before it is released?
What structure in male dogfish is responsible for storing mature sperm before it is released?
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In the reproductive system of female dogfish, which structure provides the albumen and egg case to the eggs?
In the reproductive system of female dogfish, which structure provides the albumen and egg case to the eggs?
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How long do dogfish typically develop their eggs inside the reproductive tract before giving birth?
How long do dogfish typically develop their eggs inside the reproductive tract before giving birth?
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Which ducts in female dogfish transport eggs from the ovaries to the oviduct?
Which ducts in female dogfish transport eggs from the ovaries to the oviduct?
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Which part of the urinary system bypasses the archinephric ducts in male dogfish?
Which part of the urinary system bypasses the archinephric ducts in male dogfish?
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Which glands are located in the head of the mink and are involved in the digestive process?
Which glands are located in the head of the mink and are involved in the digestive process?
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What connects the pharynx to the stomach in minks?
What connects the pharynx to the stomach in minks?
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Which feature of the mink mouth aids in processing food and distinguishing different types of food?
Which feature of the mink mouth aids in processing food and distinguishing different types of food?
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What distinguishes the pyloric sphincter in the digestive system?
What distinguishes the pyloric sphincter in the digestive system?
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Which part of the small intestine is most posterior?
Which part of the small intestine is most posterior?
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Which organ is located within the liver of the mink?
Which organ is located within the liver of the mink?
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In what region of the kidney are nephrons primarily located?
In what region of the kidney are nephrons primarily located?
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What structure follows the ileum in the digestive system?
What structure follows the ileum in the digestive system?
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What is the function of the spleen in the mink?
What is the function of the spleen in the mink?
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What structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
What structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
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Which part of the colon does food pass through after the cecum?
Which part of the colon does food pass through after the cecum?
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What function does the gizzard serve in the digestive system of pigeons?
What function does the gizzard serve in the digestive system of pigeons?
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Where is the pancreas located in the pigeon’s digestive system?
Where is the pancreas located in the pigeon’s digestive system?
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What is the primary role of the colic caeca found in pigeons?
What is the primary role of the colic caeca found in pigeons?
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In female pigeons, which reproductive structures are functional?
In female pigeons, which reproductive structures are functional?
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How are the pigeon kidneys structured?
How are the pigeon kidneys structured?
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What is the role of the proventriculus in the digestive system of pigeons?
What is the role of the proventriculus in the digestive system of pigeons?
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What distinguishes the testes in male pigeons as they mature?
What distinguishes the testes in male pigeons as they mature?
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What is the connection between the kidneys and the cloaca in pigeons?
What is the connection between the kidneys and the cloaca in pigeons?
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What occurs to the ovum after it is released from the follicle?
What occurs to the ovum after it is released from the follicle?
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Which structures are covered when the ovum is formed into an egg?
Which structures are covered when the ovum is formed into an egg?
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What is the primary function of the cloaca in the reproductive process?
What is the primary function of the cloaca in the reproductive process?
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In comparing the male urogenital systems of the dogfish, mink, and pigeon, what is one similarity?
In comparing the male urogenital systems of the dogfish, mink, and pigeon, what is one similarity?
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Which of the following is a likely adaptation of the mink’s digestive system?
Which of the following is a likely adaptation of the mink’s digestive system?
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What is a notable difference in the female reproductive systems of the dogfish and pigeon?
What is a notable difference in the female reproductive systems of the dogfish and pigeon?
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Which of the following distinguishes the reproductive adaptations of the dogfish from those of the mink?
Which of the following distinguishes the reproductive adaptations of the dogfish from those of the mink?
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What is a common misconception regarding the formation of an egg in the female reproductive system?
What is a common misconception regarding the formation of an egg in the female reproductive system?
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Study Notes
Lab 6: Digestive and Urogenital System
- Objectives: Students will be able to describe and compare the structure and function of the digestive and urogenital systems across different vertebrate lineages, dissect these systems, and discuss their relationship to the environment.
Important Terminology
- Peritoneum: Membrane lining the body cavity
- Mesentery: Double-layered membrane that holds organs in place
- Peritoneal cavity: Space enclosed by the peritoneum
- Thoracic cavity: Cavity containing the heart and lungs
- Pleuroperitoneal cavity: Cavity containing the heart, lungs, and abdominal organs
- Transverse septum: Divides the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities
- Oral cavity (buccal cavity): Mouth region
- Pharynx: Passageway for food and air
- Esophagus: Tube connecting pharynx to stomach
- Stomach: Organ for food storage and digestion
- Rugae: Folds in the stomach lining
- Small intestine: Region of digestion and absorption
- Duodenum: First part of the small intestine
- Ileum: Part of the small intestine
- Large intestine: Region of water absorption and waste storage
- Pancreas: Accessory organ producing digestive enzymes
- Liver: Accessory organ producing bile
- Gallbladder: Stores bile
- Bile duct: Carries bile to the small intestine
- Cardiac sphincter: Muscle regulating opening from esophagus to stomach
- Pyloric sphincter: Muscle regulating opening from stomach to small intestine
- Spiral valve: Intestinal structure in some fish
- Plicae: Folds in the intestinal lining
- Rectal gland: Organ for salt excretion
- Rectum: Storage area for feces
- Anus/Cloaca: Opening for waste elimination
- Spleen: Organ involved in blood filtration and immune function
- Crop: Food storage in birds
- Proventriculus: Initial stomach portion in birds
- Gizzard: Food grinding organ in birds
- Colic caeca: Pouch for fermenting plant matter in birds
- Viviparous: Giving birth to live young
- Euviviparous: Developing offspring inside mother, nourished by placenta
- Ovoviviparous: Developing offspring inside mother, nourished by yolk sac
- Oviparous: Laying eggs
- Gonads: Reproductive organs (ovaries/testes)
- Ovaries: Female reproductive organs
- Testes: Male reproductive organs
- Archinephric duct: Duct that carries urine in some vertebrates
- Oviduct: Tube that carries eggs in the female
- Ostium: Opening to reproductive tract
- Claspers: Appendages in male fish for internal fertilization
- Uterus: Female organ for developing embryo/fetus
- Vas deferens: Tube carrying sperm in males
- Scrotum: External sac containing testes in males
- Epididymis: Structure for sperm maturation
- Penis: Male reproductive organ
- Vagina: Female reproductive organ
- Accessory urinary duct: Supplementary urine passage
- Urinary bladder: Urine storage
- Opisthonephric, mesonephric, metanephric: Types of kidneys in vertebrates
Body Cavities and Mesenteries
- Body cavities house and protect organs
- Vertebrates have dorsal (nervous system) and ventral (other organs) body cavities
- Cavities are lined with membranes (double layered; parietal (walls) and visceral (organs)) for separation
- Mesenteries connect visceral organs to the body wall, allowing for blood vessel and nerve passage
Dissections (Descriptions of Procedures)
- Detailed descriptions given for dissections of dogfish and mink are presented (step-by-step) including the digestive/urogenital anatomy
- Specific structures within each system are identified
Digestive Organs (Pigeon, Dogfish, and Mink)
- Descriptions of the structures of the digestive systems in each species are provided including liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and stomach
- Discussion of adaptations of each organism's digestive systems to their environment
Excretory System (Pigeon, Dogfish, and Mink)
- Descriptions of the structures of the excretory system in each species are provided
- Discussion of adaptations of the excretory system to each organism's environment
Reproductive System (Pigeon, Dogfish, and Mink)
- Descriptions of the structures of the male/female reproductive systems in each species are provided
- Discussion of adaptations of each organism's reproductive systems to their environment
Lab Assessment (Verbal Quiz)
- Lab assessment: The lab requires identification of specified structures in the digestive and urogenital systems.
- Discussion questions: A series of questions are provided to guide preparation for the lab exam. They include comparison/contrast of digestive/urogenital traits between various animals and an in-depth look at how unique adaptations contribute to the animal's success in their niche (i.e. salty ocean, terrestrial environment)
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and function of the digestive and urogenital systems in various vertebrates. Students will explore key terms and concepts related to these systems, enhancing their understanding through dissection and environmental discussions.
