Gizmos: The Digestive System Assessment
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Questions and Answers

Which organs allow nutrients to be absorbed?

Small intestine and large intestine

Which organ stores and compacts waste before it is eliminated?

Rectum

Which two organs help to break food down mechanically?

Mouth and stomach

This organ absorbs water and vitamin K in digested food.

<p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

This organ produces enzymes that break down nutrients.

<p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

These tiny blood vessels transport absorbed nutrients.

<p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

These cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl).

<p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

These cells produce pepsin, which breaks down proteins.

<p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many fat Calories were converted to fatty acids when the pancreas was moved over to the right and the gallbladder was placed on the esophagus right before the pancreas?

<p>86.36 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did adding the gallbladder affect fat digestion?

<p>Fat digestion improved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces pepsin?

<p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces an acid?

<p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the large organs allows nutrients and water to pass through their walls?

<p>Small and large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the small organs transport absorbed nutrients to the bloodstream?

<p>Capillaries and lymphatic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the small intestine?

<p>Sugar, amino acids, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the large intestine?

<p>Sugars and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient was absorbed by small intestine lymphatic vessels?

<p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did lymphatic vessels absorb anything from the large intestine?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the capillaries be placed to maximize the absorption of nutrients from food?

<p>Small and large intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the lymphatic vessels be placed to maximize the absorption of nutrients from food?

<p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the upper section of the small intestine called?

<p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscular tube connecting the throat and the stomach?

<p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organ produces a variety of digestive enzymes?

<p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical breaks up large fat droplets?

<p>Bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscular contraction that pushes food through the digestive system called?

<p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme starts to digest proteins in the stomach?

<p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opening through which wastes are eliminated?

<p>Anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

<p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What transports absorbed fatty acids to the bloodstream?

<p>Lymphatic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organ absorbs water and vitamin K?

<p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme breaks down starches into simple carbohydrates?

<p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the villus?

<p>Absorbs nutrients in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the small intestine so long?

<p>Most absorption takes place here and the length maximizes nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the passage of nutrients and water through the walls of the small and large intestines?

<p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major source of energy in the diet?

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a thick liquid of partially digested food produced by the stomach?

<p>Chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the breakdown of food into simpler components that can be absorbed and used by the body called?

<p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are enzymes that break down nutrients into simpler chemicals called?

<p>Digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule, usually a protein, which catalyzes a chemical reaction?

<p>Enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fiber digested by bacteria in the large intestine with resulting Calories absorbed through the walls of the large intestine?

<p>Soluble fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fiber that passes through the digestive system without breaking down?

<p>Insoluble fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plant material in food that is difficult to digest?

<p>Fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical breakdown of foods; chewing in the mouth, churning in the stomach, and emulsification of fats by bile called?

<p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are wavelike muscle contractions of a long chain of amino acids folded into a particular shape?

<p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are enzymes that help digest foods forms of?

<p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tiny, finger-like projection in the wall of the small intestine; nutrients and water are absorbed through the thin walls of this?

<p>Villus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable molecules.

Absorption

The process of taking nutrients from the digestive system into the bloodstream.

Chyme

The thick, partially digested food mixture in the stomach.

Small intestine

The main site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

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Large intestine

The final section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed and waste is compacted.

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Villi

Tiny projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area for better absorption.

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Peristalsis

The muscular contractions that move food along the digestive system.

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Mechanical digestion

The process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces, like chewing and churning.

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Chemical digestion

The process of chemically breaking down food molecules, aided by digestive enzymes.

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Bile

A substance produced by the liver, helping break down fat.

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Pancreas

The organ responsible for producing digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and protease.

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Parietal cell

A stomach cell that produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion.

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Chief cell

A stomach cell responsible for producing pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

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Carbohydrate

A complex sugar that is broken down into simpler sugars during digestion.

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Fatty acid

A type of fat molecule absorbed by lymphatic vessels in the small intestine.

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Anus

The opening through which waste is expelled from the body.

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Rectum

The storage area for fecal matter before expulsion from the body.

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Soluble fiber

A type of fiber that dissolves in water and is digested by bacteria in the colon.

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Insoluble fiber

A type of fiber that doesn't dissolve in water and passes through the digestive system intact.

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Digestive enzyme

A type of protein that helps speed up chemical reactions in the digestive system.

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Lymphatic vessels

The transport system for absorbed fatty acids, delivering them to the bloodstream.

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Absorption

The process of transporting nutrients and water through the intestinal walls.

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Mechanical digestion

The process of physically breaking down food through chewing and churning.

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Rectum

The primary organ responsible for storing and compacting waste prior to elimination.

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Fermentable fiber

A type of soluble fiber that provides energy through bacterial fermentation in the colon.

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Liver

The primary organ responsible for producing bile, a substance that aids in fat digestion.

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Chewing

A type of mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth.

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Churning

A type of mechanical digestion that occurs in the stomach.

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Importance of small intestine length

The length of the small intestine allows for extensive nutrient absorption, as it provides more surface area for villi.

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Study Notes

Nutrient Absorption

  • Nutrients are primarily absorbed in the small intestine and the large intestine.
  • Capillaries transport absorbed nutrients, including sugars and amino acids, directly to the bloodstream.

Waste Management

  • The rectum serves to store and compact waste prior to elimination.
  • The anus is the opening through which wastes are expelled.

Mechanical Digestion

  • Food is mechanically broken down in the mouth and stomach through chewing and churning.
  • Peristalsis is the muscular contraction that pushes food through the digestive system.

Key Organs and Their Functions

  • The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that break down various nutrients, including starches (via amylase), fats, and proteins (via pepsin).
  • Bile assists in breaking up large fat droplets for easier digestion.
  • The large intestine absorbs water and vitamin K from digested food.

Cellular Roles

  • Parietal cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid (HCl), essential for digestion.
  • Chief cells generate pepsin, which initiates protein digestion.

Digestive Process

  • Chyme is a thick liquid of partially digested food produced in the stomach.
  • Digestion is the process of breaking food into simpler components for absorption.

Vessels and Nutrient Transport

  • Lymphatic vessels transport absorbed fatty acids to the bloodstream.
  • Nutrients are absorbed through villi, tiny projections in the small intestine walls that maximize nutrient absorption.

Fiber Types

  • Soluble fiber is digested by bacteria in the large intestine, providing calories absorbed through its walls.
  • Insoluble fiber passes through the digestive system intact and aids in digestion.

Importance of Length in the Small Intestine

  • The small intestine's length allows for extensive nutrient absorption, as most nutrients are absorbed here.

Definitions and Concepts

  • Absorption refers to the passage of nutrients and water via the intestinal walls.
  • Mechanical digestion includes the physical breakdown of food through chewing and churning.

Key Nutrients

  • Carbohydrates are a major source of dietary energy.
  • Fatty acids are absorbed by lymphatic vessels in the small intestine.

Digestive Enzymes

  • Digestive enzymes, primarily proteins, catalyze chemical reactions that break down nutrients into absorbable forms.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the digestive system with these flashcards. Each card focuses on organ functions related to digestion and nutrient absorption. Challenge yourself and learn about the organs that play a crucial role in breaking down food and processing waste.

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