Questions and Answers
Which organs allow nutrients to be absorbed?
Small intestine and large intestine
Which organ stores and compacts waste before it is eliminated?
Rectum
Which two organs help to break food down mechanically?
Mouth and stomach
This organ absorbs water and vitamin K in digested food.
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This organ produces enzymes that break down nutrients.
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These tiny blood vessels transport absorbed nutrients.
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These cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl).
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These cells produce pepsin, which breaks down proteins.
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How many fat Calories were converted to fatty acids when the pancreas was moved over to the right and the gallbladder was placed on the esophagus right before the pancreas?
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How did adding the gallbladder affect fat digestion?
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Which organ produces pepsin?
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Which organ produces an acid?
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Which of the large organs allows nutrients and water to pass through their walls?
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Which of the small organs transport absorbed nutrients to the bloodstream?
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Which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the small intestine?
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Which nutrients were absorbed by capillaries in the large intestine?
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Which nutrient was absorbed by small intestine lymphatic vessels?
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Did lymphatic vessels absorb anything from the large intestine?
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Where should the capillaries be placed to maximize the absorption of nutrients from food?
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Where should the lymphatic vessels be placed to maximize the absorption of nutrients from food?
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What is the upper section of the small intestine called?
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What is the muscular tube connecting the throat and the stomach?
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What organ produces a variety of digestive enzymes?
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What chemical breaks up large fat droplets?
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What is the muscular contraction that pushes food through the digestive system called?
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What enzyme starts to digest proteins in the stomach?
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What is the opening through which wastes are eliminated?
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Which cells produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
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What transports absorbed fatty acids to the bloodstream?
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What organ absorbs water and vitamin K?
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What enzyme breaks down starches into simple carbohydrates?
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What is the function of the villus?
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Why is the small intestine so long?
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What refers to the passage of nutrients and water through the walls of the small and large intestines?
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What is a major source of energy in the diet?
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What is a thick liquid of partially digested food produced by the stomach?
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What is the breakdown of food into simpler components that can be absorbed and used by the body called?
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What are enzymes that break down nutrients into simpler chemicals called?
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What is a molecule, usually a protein, which catalyzes a chemical reaction?
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What is fiber digested by bacteria in the large intestine with resulting Calories absorbed through the walls of the large intestine?
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What is fiber that passes through the digestive system without breaking down?
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What is plant material in food that is difficult to digest?
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What is the physical breakdown of foods; chewing in the mouth, churning in the stomach, and emulsification of fats by bile called?
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What are wavelike muscle contractions of a long chain of amino acids folded into a particular shape?
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What are enzymes that help digest foods forms of?
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What is a tiny, finger-like projection in the wall of the small intestine; nutrients and water are absorbed through the thin walls of this?
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Study Notes
Nutrient Absorption
- Nutrients are primarily absorbed in the small intestine and the large intestine.
- Capillaries transport absorbed nutrients, including sugars and amino acids, directly to the bloodstream.
Waste Management
- The rectum serves to store and compact waste prior to elimination.
- The anus is the opening through which wastes are expelled.
Mechanical Digestion
- Food is mechanically broken down in the mouth and stomach through chewing and churning.
- Peristalsis is the muscular contraction that pushes food through the digestive system.
Key Organs and Their Functions
- The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that break down various nutrients, including starches (via amylase), fats, and proteins (via pepsin).
- Bile assists in breaking up large fat droplets for easier digestion.
- The large intestine absorbs water and vitamin K from digested food.
Cellular Roles
- Parietal cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid (HCl), essential for digestion.
- Chief cells generate pepsin, which initiates protein digestion.
Digestive Process
- Chyme is a thick liquid of partially digested food produced in the stomach.
- Digestion is the process of breaking food into simpler components for absorption.
Vessels and Nutrient Transport
- Lymphatic vessels transport absorbed fatty acids to the bloodstream.
- Nutrients are absorbed through villi, tiny projections in the small intestine walls that maximize nutrient absorption.
Fiber Types
- Soluble fiber is digested by bacteria in the large intestine, providing calories absorbed through its walls.
- Insoluble fiber passes through the digestive system intact and aids in digestion.
Importance of Length in the Small Intestine
- The small intestine's length allows for extensive nutrient absorption, as most nutrients are absorbed here.
Definitions and Concepts
- Absorption refers to the passage of nutrients and water via the intestinal walls.
- Mechanical digestion includes the physical breakdown of food through chewing and churning.
Key Nutrients
- Carbohydrates are a major source of dietary energy.
- Fatty acids are absorbed by lymphatic vessels in the small intestine.
Digestive Enzymes
- Digestive enzymes, primarily proteins, catalyze chemical reactions that break down nutrients into absorbable forms.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the digestive system with these flashcards. Each card focuses on organ functions related to digestion and nutrient absorption. Challenge yourself and learn about the organs that play a crucial role in breaking down food and processing waste.
