Quiz

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

What processes does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

Which system has opposing actions to the sympathetic nervous system in some physiological systems?

What type of response does the sympathetic nervous system have in stressful situations?

How many neurons are arranged in series in the autonomic nervous system?

Which type of muscle does the autonomic nervous system control?

What can drugs interacting with the autonomic nervous system be used for?

Which drug blocks potassium channels and prolongs the action potential, thus increasing the release of ACh?

Which drug disrupts synaptic vesicles and depletes nerve endings of ACh?

Which drug inhibits the release of ACh?

Which drug competes with Ca2+ entry and blocks active transport of ACh into vesicles?

Which receptor agonist causes contraction of the constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscle?

Which receptor agonist stimulates exocrine glands and increases sweating, lacrimation, salivation, and bronchial secretions?

Which drug blocks the action of acetylcholinesterases and prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine?

Which type of neuron in the sympathetic nervous system has its cell bodies in the lateral horn of the grey matter of thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord?

Which part of the nervous system has a long preganglionic and short postganglionic neuron?

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Which type of receptor is located in autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction, adrenal medulla, and the brain?

Which type of receptor is coupled to cation channels and mediates fast excitatory synaptic transmission?

Which type of receptor can cause activation of phospholipase C, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of K+-channels, or inhibition of Ca2+ channels?

What is the rate limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis?

Which of the following is true about organophosphate insecticides?

What is the mechanism of action of pralidoxime in organophosphate poisoning?

What happens to organophosphate compounds after ageing occurs?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of increased acetylcholine at autonomic cholinergic synapses?

Which of the following is a clinical use of anticholinesterases?

Which of the following is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that acts in the central nervous system?

What is a clinical use of muscarinic antagonists?

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of muscarinic receptor antagonists?

Which of the following is true about ganglion-blocking drugs?

The autonomic nervous system regulates contraction/relaxation of smooth muscle, exocrine and endocrine secretions, and heart intermediary metabolism.

The sympathetic nervous system activity increases during satiation and repose.

The autonomic nervous system is composed of two neurons arranged in series, namely preganglionic and postganglionic cells.

Drugs interacting with the autonomic nervous system can be used for clinical purposes.

Ganglion-blocking drugs inhibit the release of acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.

Muscarinic antagonists have a clinical use.

The sympathetic nervous system has a long preganglionic neuron and a short postganglionic neuron.

The parasympathetic nervous system has a long preganglionic neuron and a short postganglionic neuron.

Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the target organ.

The principal transmitters in the autonomic nervous system are acetylcholine and noradrenaline.

Nicotinic receptors are located in autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction, adrenal medulla, and the brain.

Muscarinic receptors are located in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands in the periphery, and CNS.

Acetylcholine is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline.

True or false: 4-aminopyridine blocks potassium channels and prolongs the action potential, thus increasing the release of ACh?

True or false: Botulinum toxin inhibits the release of ACh and causes parasympathetic and motor paralysis?

True or false: Vesamicol blocks the active transport of ACh into vesicles?

True or false: Muscarinic receptor agonists stimulate exocrine glands and increase sweating, lacrimation, salivation, and bronchial secretions?

True or false: Botox, which is a form of Botulinum Toxin A, causes flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscle?

True or false: Neostigmine is a short-acting drug that binds the anionic site of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme?

True or false: Organophosphates, such as parathion, are commonly used as therapeutic drugs for poisons and suicide?

True or false: Organophosphate insecticides act by inhibiting cholinesterase reactivation.

True or false: Pralidoxime brings an oxime group close to the phosphorylated esteratic site.

True or false: Ageing occurs as organophosphates become irreversibly bound to the site.

True or false: Muscarinic receptor antagonists composed of ester + basic groups are tertiary ammonium compounds.

True or false: Muscarinic receptor antagonists have no action in the CNS.

True or false: Muscarinic receptor antagonists cause decreased secretions of salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat glands.

True or false: Muscarinic receptor antagonists cause relaxation of bronchial, biliary, and urinary smooth muscle.

True or false: Ganglion-blocking drugs interfere with ACh release by causing prolonged depolarization and desensitization.

True or false: Nicotine is provided in patches and gum for relief from cigarette smoking.

Processes that the autonomic nervous system regulates include: Contraction/ relaxation of ______

All exocrine and some endocrine ______

Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic and ______ systems have opposing actions in some physiological systems

Sympathetic nervous system activity increases in ______ (fight or flight response)

Parasympathetic nervous system activity predominates during ______ and repose

Structure of the autonomic nervous system Two neurons arranged in ______ Comprising preganglionic and postganglionic cells

The principal transmitters in the autonomic nervous system are ______ and noradrenaline

Organophosphate insecticides act by inhibiting ______ reactivation

Pralidoxime brings an oxime group close to phosphorylated esteratic site. Attracts phosphate group from serine hydroxyl group. Must be used within few hours of contact with ______ compound

Ageing occurs as organophosphate becomes irreversibly bound to ______ site

Clinical uses of anticholinesterases: ______ reverses the effects of non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs

Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists: ______ secretions of salivary, lacrimal, bronchial and sweat glands

Muscarinic receptor antagonists have no action in ______

Ganglion-blocking drugs (nicotine receptor antagonists) interfere with ACh release prolonged depolarisation causing ______ - nicotine

The autonomic nervous system regulates contraction/relaxation of smooth muscle, exocrine and endocrine secretions, and ______ intermediary metabolism

Muscarinic receptor agonists stimulate exocrine glands and increase sweating, lacrimation, salivation, and ______ secretions

Anatomically the sympathetic nervous system has a short preganglionic and long postganglionic ______

Preganglionic neuron cell bodies lie in the lateral horn of the grey matter of thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal ______

Most postganglionic neurons are located in the target ______

Principal transmitters in the autonomic nervous system are ______ and noradrenaline.

Nicotinic receptors are located in: ______ ganglia, neuromuscular junction, adrenal medulla, brain.

Muscarinic receptors are located in: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands in the periphery, ______ motor control memory.

Acetylcholine is synthesised within the nerve terminal from ______.

Botulinum toxin inhibits the release of ACh and causes parasympathetic and motor ______

Muscarinic agonist side effects: Tremor, improved ______

Drugs that enhance cholinergic transmission: Inhibition of ______

Acetylcholinesterase is a true ______ located in the basement membrane of the synaptic cleft

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholinesterases and prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine. Short acting ______

Ageing occurs as organophosphate becomes irreversibly bound to ______ site

Anatomically the sympathetic nervous system has a short preganglionic and long postganglionic ______

Botulinum toxin causes progressive parasympathetic and motor ______

Botox causes flaccid paralysis of skeletal ______

Mg2+ ions and aminoglycosides compete with ______ entry

Vesamicol blocks active transport of ACh into ______

Acetylcholinesterase is located in the basement membrane of the ______ cleft

Edrophonium is a short-acting ______ compound

Organophosphates are pentavalent phosphorous compounds used as ______