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Questions and Answers

What is organic chemistry?

Organic chemistry is the study of most carbon compounds with the exception of a few, such as carbon dioxide and carbonate salts.

Which of the following statements about organic compounds is incorrect?

  • They generally react faster than inorganic compounds. (correct)
  • Organic compounds often decompose on heating to compounds of lower energy levels.
  • Organic compounds tend to be more numerous than inorganic compounds.
  • They are largely insoluble in water.

Organic compounds are mostly obtained from mineral sources.

False (B)

What factor primarily determines the chemical properties of an organic compound?

<p>The functional group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not an example of a homologous series?

<p>Carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common names for organic compounds are always preferred over IUPAC names.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The general formula for alkanes is ______.

<p>C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub></p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula CH3CH2CH=CH2?

<p>But-1-ene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functional group suffix for an alkane is ______.

<p>-ane</p> Signup and view all the answers

The suffix ______ in the IUPAC name indicates a double bond in a hydrocarbon.

<p>-ene</p> Signup and view all the answers

The suffix ______ is used to indicate a triple bond in the IUPAC name of a hydrocarbon.

<p>-yne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for a haloalkane?

<p>C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>X</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon compounds, excluding a few like CO2 and carbonates.

Catenation

Carbon's ability to bond with itself, forming long chains and rings.

Isomers

Molecules with the same formula but different structures.

Homologous Series

A series of organic compounds with a similar functional group.

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Functional Group

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties.

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IUPAC Nomenclature

A systematic method for naming organic compounds.

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Trivial Names

Common names of organic compounds derived from their source or historical use.

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Alkanes

Saturated hydrocarbons (only single bonds).

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Alkenes

Hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond.

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Alkynes

Hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond.

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Alcohols

Organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group (-OH).

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Carboxylic Acids

Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH).

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Aldehydes

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group (-CHO).

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Ketones

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group (-CO-) within the chain.

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Ethers

Compounds with an oxygen atom between two alkyl groups.

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Esters

Compounds formed by the reaction of an acid and an alcohol.

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Aromatic Compounds

Organic compounds containing a benzene ring.

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Hybridization

The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals.

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Dipole Moment

A measure of the polarity of a molecule.

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Electronegativity

An atom's tendency to attract electrons in a bond.

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Van der Waals Forces

Weak intermolecular forces in non-polar molecules.

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Hydrogen Bonding

Strong dipole-dipole attraction with a Hydrogen atom.

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Polyfunctional Compounds

Molecules containing more than one functional group.

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Bicyclic Compounds

Compounds with two fused rings.

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Study Notes

Organic Chemistry

  • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds.
  • Most organic compounds are found in living organisms.

Organic Compounds

  • Organic compounds are typically obtained from living organisms or substances derived from them, not from mineral sources.

Determining Chemical Properties

  • The arrangement and types of atoms within a molecule, along with the functional groups present, determine the chemical properties of an organic compound.

Homologous Series

  • A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that share the same general formula and have similar chemical properties. Only the number of CH2 units differs between members of a homologous series.
  • Examples include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and alcohols.

Common vs. IUPAC Names

  • The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) naming system provides a systematic and standardized way to name organic compounds, avoiding ambiguity.

Alkanes

  • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds.
  • The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms.

IUPAC Naming

  • The IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH=CH2 is but-1-ene.

Functional Groups

  • The suffix "-ane" is used for alkanes in the IUPAC naming system.
  • The suffix "-ene" indicates a double bond in a hydrocarbon.
  • The suffix "-yne" indicates a triple bond in a hydrocarbon.

Haloalkanes

  • Haloalkanes are organic compounds containing one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) bonded to an alkane.
  • The general formula for a haloalkane is R-X, where R represents an alkyl group and X represents a halogen atom.

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