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Questions and Answers
What was the primary motivation behind Emperor Tenmu's commissioning of the Kojiki?
What was the primary motivation behind Emperor Tenmu's commissioning of the Kojiki?
Who is credited with orally reciting the Kojiki, playing a crucial role in its compilation?
Who is credited with orally reciting the Kojiki, playing a crucial role in its compilation?
What is Man'yogana, the writing system used in the Kojiki?
What is Man'yogana, the writing system used in the Kojiki?
What was Izanagi's reaction to Susanoo neglecting his duties and mourning his mother?
What was Izanagi's reaction to Susanoo neglecting his duties and mourning his mother?
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In the Kojiki account of the creation of Japan, what tool did Izanami and Izanagi use to solidify the drifting land?
In the Kojiki account of the creation of Japan, what tool did Izanami and Izanagi use to solidify the drifting land?
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Which of the following Noh plays centers on a character haunted by past love and memories, leading to their internal conflict?
Which of the following Noh plays centers on a character haunted by past love and memories, leading to their internal conflict?
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In "Love Suicides at Sonezaki", what does the term michiyuki refer to?
In "Love Suicides at Sonezaki", what does the term michiyuki refer to?
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Which of the following themes is most prominently explored in Zeami's Noh plays like "The Well-Cradle" and Chikamatsu Monzaemon's "Love Suicides at Sonezaki"?
Which of the following themes is most prominently explored in Zeami's Noh plays like "The Well-Cradle" and Chikamatsu Monzaemon's "Love Suicides at Sonezaki"?
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What is the central conflict portrayed in "Lady Aoi"?
What is the central conflict portrayed in "Lady Aoi"?
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What is a key element of the kōshoku concept?
What is a key element of the kōshoku concept?
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Which literary work provides the source material for the Noh play "The Shrine in the Fields"?
Which literary work provides the source material for the Noh play "The Shrine in the Fields"?
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Which Noh play is based on the story from “Tales of Ise” about a woman reminiscing about a past love while gazing into a well?
Which Noh play is based on the story from “Tales of Ise” about a woman reminiscing about a past love while gazing into a well?
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Which element below is NOT usually associated with Noh plays?
Which element below is NOT usually associated with Noh plays?
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What is the primary function of the 'fukinuki-yatai' technique in Heian period paintings?
What is the primary function of the 'fukinuki-yatai' technique in Heian period paintings?
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Which period in Japanese history is characterized by a capital modeled after the Tang capital, open city planning, and influential Buddhist monks?
Which period in Japanese history is characterized by a capital modeled after the Tang capital, open city planning, and influential Buddhist monks?
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What is the function of dramatic irony in Noh drama?
What is the function of dramatic irony in Noh drama?
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Which of the following is NOT a core element of Noh drama's development?
Which of the following is NOT a core element of Noh drama's development?
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What is 'hana' as theorized by Zeami?
What is 'hana' as theorized by Zeami?
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According to Zeami, what is the most important aspect to create a convincing Noh performance?
According to Zeami, what is the most important aspect to create a convincing Noh performance?
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What concept does yūgen
refer to in the context of Noh theatre?
What concept does yūgen
refer to in the context of Noh theatre?
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What is the function of the 'waki' character in Noh theatre?
What is the function of the 'waki' character in Noh theatre?
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Which period in Japanese history saw a 'flowering of classical Japanese culture' and a closed society that eventually split into city-states?
Which period in Japanese history saw a 'flowering of classical Japanese culture' and a closed society that eventually split into city-states?
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What is 'Jo-ha-kyū' in the context of Noh theatre?
What is 'Jo-ha-kyū' in the context of Noh theatre?
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What is Bunraku also known as?
What is Bunraku also known as?
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What type of play is 'Komachi and the 100 Nights'?
What type of play is 'Komachi and the 100 Nights'?
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Who was Zeami's shogun sponser?
Who was Zeami's shogun sponser?
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Who is considered the greatest playwright for puppet theatre (Bunraku)?
Who is considered the greatest playwright for puppet theatre (Bunraku)?
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What is the typical size of the puppets used in Bunraku?
What is the typical size of the puppets used in Bunraku?
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What is the structure of a Tanka poem?
What is the structure of a Tanka poem?
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Which of the following concepts is most associated with 'Mujo'?
Which of the following concepts is most associated with 'Mujo'?
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What is the main function of 'Makura Kotoba' in poetry?
What is the main function of 'Makura Kotoba' in poetry?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Kotodama'?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Kotodama'?
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Why is Murasaki Shikibu considered significant in the development of the interior monologue?
Why is Murasaki Shikibu considered significant in the development of the interior monologue?
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What does 'in medias res' refer to in The Tale of Genji?
What does 'in medias res' refer to in The Tale of Genji?
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What was the original purpose of 'byōbu'?
What was the original purpose of 'byōbu'?
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What role did menotogo play in aristocratic families?
What role did menotogo play in aristocratic families?
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What is the main characteristic of 'emaki'?
What is the main characteristic of 'emaki'?
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Kakinomoto no Hitomaro mainly expressed what themes in his poetry?
Kakinomoto no Hitomaro mainly expressed what themes in his poetry?
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Which of the following is most associated with Yamanoue no Okura's poetry?
Which of the following is most associated with Yamanoue no Okura's poetry?
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What is the significance of Lady Rokujō in The Tale of Genji?
What is the significance of Lady Rokujō in The Tale of Genji?
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What is the relationship between Lady Fujitsubo and Genji in The Tale of Genji?
What is the relationship between Lady Fujitsubo and Genji in The Tale of Genji?
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To which anthology does the verse, 'Since in Karu Lived My Wife,' belong?
To which anthology does the verse, 'Since in Karu Lived My Wife,' belong?
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What event did the birth of Empress Shōshi's child mark?
What event did the birth of Empress Shōshi's child mark?
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Flashcards
Kojiki
Kojiki
The oldest Japanese document, written in 712, detailing Japan's myths and history.
Izanami and Izanagi
Izanami and Izanagi
Deities in Kojiki responsible for creating the islands of Japan and other gods.
Amaterasu
Amaterasu
The sun goddess born from Izanagi's left eye, central in Japanese mythology.
Man’yogana
Man’yogana
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Nihon Shoki
Nihon Shoki
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The Well-Cradle
The Well-Cradle
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The Sumida River
The Sumida River
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The Shrine in the Fields
The Shrine in the Fields
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Lady Aoi
Lady Aoi
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Kōshoku
Kōshoku
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Shinjū
Shinjū
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Giri-ninjō
Giri-ninjō
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Michiyuki
Michiyuki
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Tanka
Tanka
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Choka
Choka
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Hanka
Hanka
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Mujo
Mujo
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Kotodama
Kotodama
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Makura Kotoba
Makura Kotoba
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Mono no aware
Mono no aware
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In medias res
In medias res
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Byōbu
Byōbu
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Emaki
Emaki
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Murasaki Shikibu
Murasaki Shikibu
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Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
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Yamanoue no Okura
Yamanoue no Okura
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Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
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Genji
Genji
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Fukinuki-yatai
Fukinuki-yatai
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Heian Period
Heian Period
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Noh Drama
Noh Drama
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Zeami
Zeami
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Yūgen
Yūgen
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Jo-ha-kyū
Jo-ha-kyū
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Shite
Shite
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Tsure
Tsure
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Bunraku
Bunraku
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Chikamatsu Monzaemon
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
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Ono no Komachi
Ono no Komachi
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General Fukakusa
General Fukakusa
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Geango training
Geango training
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Study Notes
Kojiki
- Written in 712 CE
- Commissioned by Emperor Tenmu (r. 673-686)
- Purpose was to establish authority using mythical stories of gods and history of the land, tracing lineage.
- Oldest extant Japanese document.
- Told orally by Heida no Are, compiled by O no Yasumaro.
- O no Yasumaro was a Japanese nobleman, bureaucrat, and chronicler. Instrumental in compiling the Nihon Shoki (completed in 720).
- Written in Man'yōgana.
- Man'yōgana: Uses Chinese characters representing Japanese syllables, sounds, conceptual meanings, or grammatical markers.
Kojiki Content: Ages of the Gods
- Izanami and Izanagi: tasked with solidifying land.
- Using the Heavenly Jewel Spear, they stirred the water, forming islands, including Onogoro (where their affairs occurred).
- Izanami died after birthing the fire god.
- Izanagi, through purification ritual, created Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Tsukuyomi.
- Izanami and Izanagi produced multiple islands, failing their first attempt because Izanami spoke first.
Kojiki Content: Amaterasu and Susanoo
- Amaterasu: Sun goddess.
- Susanoo: Storm god, neglected duties, banished by Izanagi.
- Caused problems after procreating with Amaterasu, has three daughters.
- Amaterasu has three sons.
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki (Kiki)
- Chronicles of Japan (ca. 720 CE).
- Kanbun: System of annotating Chinese texts to read in Japanese.
Man'yōshū (ca. 759)
- First anthology of Japanese poetry and song.
- Transcribed in Man'yōgana.
- Contains chapters reflecting love stages and styles of poetry.
- Tanka: 31-syllable (traditional 5-7-5-7-7) and 31-syllable (5-7-7-7-5 or 5-7-5-7-7) forms.
- Kami no Ku (5-7-5-7-7) and Shimo no Ku (7-7-5-7-7).
Nara Period Poets
- Kakinomoto no Hitomaro (active late 7th century): Court poet during three reigns, known for public and private expressions of love.
- Yamanoue no Okura (ca. 660-733): Korean descent, mission to Tang China; works reflect philosophical and social concerns.
- Otomo no Yakamochi (ca. 717-785): More independent waka poet in Nara, likely major compiler of Man'yōshū, recognized for themes like mujō (impermanence), kotodama (word spirit), and kunimi (surveying land).
Poetry Themes & Elements
- Mujō: Impermanence (changes in seasons, aging, relationships).
- Kotodama: Belief in "word spirit" – spoken words have power.
- Kunimi: Surveying land, naming places/people.
- Masuraoburi: Manliness.
- Makura Kotoba: "Pillow words" (automated phrases).
Genres Beyond Poetry
- Tale of Ise, Ariwara no Narihira, Ono no Komachi, Izumi Shikibu.
- Tale of Genji (Murasaki Shikibu = Miyabi “courtliness”, uta monogatari “poem tale”, hon’i “poetic essence”).
Heian Period (794-1185)
- Capital at Heian-kyō.
- Large bureaucracy, flowering of classical Japanese culture.
- Closed society.
Genji's Narrative Techniques by Murasaki Shikibu
- Interior monologue: Character's inner thoughts (ex: “As I gazed...”).
- In medias res: The story starts in the middle of the action, relying on flashbacks & dialogue to reveal preceding events.
- Courtly conventions: Elaborate descriptions.
Heian Period Art & Culture
- Byōbu (folding screens): Architectural division, often gifted as wedding gifts, originated from China.
- Emaki (picture scrolls): Combine text and images.
- Fukinuki-yatai (blown-off roof): Painting technique used in Heian paintings. (bird's eye view of a building to see interior)
Menotogo (milk-brothers)
- High-ranking children nursed by servants instead of birth mothers.
Momoyama Period (1568-1615)
- Buddhism sects fighting for influence; eventual corruption.
Noh Drama
- Devloped from dengaku and sarugaku (music & dance).
- Fusion of music, dance, masks, and costumes. Zeami created classic Noh.
- Categories: God plays, warrior plays, woman plays, present-day plays, demon plays.
Bunraku
- Traditional Japanese puppet theatre.
Noh Theory (Zeami)
- Hana ("the flower") & yūgen ("mystery and depth"): Acting should captivate, maintain symbolic realism, and consider audience response.
- Jo-ha-kyū: Governing principle - slow introduction, development, rapid finale (acting).
Noh Characters
- shite: Main character
- waki: Secondary character/narrator
- tsure: Attendant.
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
- Greatest playwright for Bunraku theatre, known for Love Suicides at Sonezaki, featuring giri-ninjō (duty/feelings).
Other Important Elements (From the Text)
- Numerous plays mentioned, with summaries of some.
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Description
Explore the mythological origins and lineage presented in the Kojiki, the oldest extant Japanese document. Learn about the creation myths involving Izanami and Izanagi, as well as their significant offspring. This quiz covers key events and figures that shape Japan's mythic history.