26 Questions
At what age does the Preconventional Level of moral development typically extend up to?
Up to age nine
According to Kohlberg, what is seen as moral law for children in the Conventional Level of moral development?
Adhering to parental expectations
What is the focus of the Postconventional Level of moral development?
Higher Focused Morality
At what stage is morality defined as obeying rules and avoiding negative consequences?
Stage 1: Preconventional Level
What is typically seen as good and moral by children in Stage 2 of the Preconventional Level?
That which satisfies their needs
At what age does the Conventional Level of moral development typically extend up to?
Up to adolescence
What is the foundation for understanding personal beliefs in judging right and wrong?
Basics of morality
What principles are modern conceptions of democracy grounded in?
Accountability and individual liberty
Which of the following is NOT considered as one of the personal freedoms under democratic rights?
Freedom from slavery
What is one of the political rights that protect people against discrimination and race when participating in political activity?
Right to fair trial
What does access to positions of power help develop for women in political leadership?
Opportunities for advancement
How can the lack of openness in political decision-making be mitigated for women?
Reforming internal processes
What can discourage women from political participation based on the text?
Cultural norms
What grounds international human rights and gender equality standards?
Gender rights and human rights
What is often centralized among a small, elite group in political leadership?
Access to positions of power
What helps protect people against discrimination and race when participating in political activity?
Political rights
What is the focus of Kohlberg's Preconventional Level of moral development?
Defining morality as obeying rules and avoiding negative consequences
At what age does the Conventional Level of moral development typically extend up to?
12
What is typically seen as good and moral by children in Stage 2 of the Preconventional Level?
Avoiding negative consequences for oneself
What is the foundation for understanding personal beliefs in judging right and wrong?
That which satisfies the individual's needs
What can discourage women from political participation based on the text?
Centralization of political leadership among an elite group
What are the shared principles of democracy and human rights as mentioned in the text?
Accountability, individual liberty, and limited government
What is one of the minimum conditions for political participation in terms of access to positions of power?
Centralization among a small, elite group and based on personal relationships
What helps mitigate the lack of openness in political decision-making for women?
Legislation or modifications to party by-laws
What is seen as the foundation for understanding personal beliefs in judging right and wrong in the mentioned stage of morality?
Circumstances surrounding an action
What can discourage women from political participation based on the text?
Cultural norms discouraging women from political participation
Study Notes
Moral Development
- The Preconventional Level of moral development typically extends up to 10 years old.
- In Stage 2 of the Preconventional Level, what is seen as good and moral is satisfying one's own needs and desires.
- The focus of the Preconventional Level of moral development is on individual needs and desires.
Conventional Level of Moral Development
- The Conventional Level of moral development typically extends up to 13-14 years old.
- For children in this level, moral law is seen as following rules and social norms to avoid negative consequences.
- The focus of the Conventional Level of moral development is on conforming to social norms and expectations.
Postconventional Level of Moral Development
- The focus of the Postconventional Level of moral development is on universal principles and individual rights.
Democracy and Human Rights
- Modern conceptions of democracy are grounded in principles of individual rights and freedoms.
- The foundation for understanding personal beliefs in judging right and wrong is individual rights and freedoms.
- Shared principles of democracy and human rights include freedom of speech, assembly, and association.
- One of the minimum conditions for political participation is access to positions of power.
Women in Political Leadership
- Access to positions of power helps develop women's capacity for political leadership.
- Lack of openness in political decision-making can be mitigated for women through greater transparency and inclusion.
- Factors that can discourage women from political participation include lack of access to power, lack of openness, and discrimination.
- International human rights and gender equality standards ground women's rights in political participation.
Explore Kohlberg's stages of moral development and understand how morality is broken down into three levels, each with two stages. Learn about the preconventional level, which focuses on self-centered morality and the definition of morality for children up to age nine.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
