BLOCK 3: AHE: (3.2) PART 5: MUSCLES OF THE LEG

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?

Dorsiflexion of the ankle

Extension of digits two through five (correct)

Flexion of the toes

Eversion of the foot

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion?

Tibialis anterior (correct)

Gastrocnemius

Tibialis posterior

Soleus

Which muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg primarily assist in eversion of the foot?

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis (correct)

Flexor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior

Flexor digitorum longus and extensor digitorum longus

Soleus and gastrocnemius

What important structure is the medial meniscus attached to?

Medial collateral ligament (B) Signup and view all the answers

What action is primarily performed by the flexor muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Plantar flexion of the foot (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle serves as the main extensor for the big toe?

Extensor hallucis longus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What action is indicated by plantar flexion?

Pointing the toes downward (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which tendon is commonly associated with the muscle group responsible for plantar flexion at the ankle?

Achilles tendon (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the eversion of the foot?

Fibularis longus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action performed by the achilles tendon?

Plantarflexion of the ankle (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is located in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Fibularis brevis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the muscle that attaches to the big toe and is found laterally in the leg.

Flexor hallucis longus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered a major flexor located deep to the gastrocnemius?

Soleus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's main function includes aiding in the flexion of the ankle and toes?

Gastrocnemius (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fibularis longus muscle?

Everting the foot (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is included in the posterior compartment of the leg and assists in plantar flexion?

Flexor digitorum longus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the knee joint?

It is a hinge joint allowing only flexion and extension. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common insertion point of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles called?

Pes anserinus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are classified as cruciate ligaments of the knee?

Anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligaments (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is correctly matched with its function related to the knee joint?

Patellar tendon - connects the quadriceps to the tibia. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condyles are associated with the knee joint?

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is described by its diarthrotic nature?

It allows free movement in multiple directions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ligaments primarily assists in preventing forward movement of the tibia?

Anterior cruciate ligament (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do the menisci play in the knee joint?

They stabilize the joint and distribute load. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Knee Joint Anatomy

Medial Meniscus & Medial Collateral Ligament are attached and damaging one can injure the other.
Patellar Ligament connects the Patella (Kneecap) to the Tibial Tuberosity.
Plantar Flexion involves pointing toes downwards; Dorsiflexion involves pointing toes upwards.
Extensor Muscles are responsible for Dorsiflexion; Flexor Muscles are responsible for Plantar Flexion.

Leg Muscles

Tibialis Anterior muscle is located on the medial side of the tibia.
Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle inserts on the big toe.
Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle inserts on digits 2-5.
Fibularis Longus & Brevis are involved in eversion of the foot, turning the foot laterally.
Gastrocnemius is the calf muscle responsible for plantar flexion, while the Soleus is deep to it.
Plantaris muscle is similar to the Palmaris Longus in the forearm and connects to the calcaneus.
Flexor Hallucis Longus is located laterally in the leg but inserts on the medial big toe.
Tibialis Posterior muscle attaches to the medial foot and is responsible for helping to invert the foot.

Knee Joint Structure

Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus muscles come together to form the Pes Anserine tendon, which attaches to the medial tibia.
Knee joint is diarthrotic, meaning it's mobile and a hinge joint.
Distal femur sits on the tibial plateau of the tibia.
The knee joint is covered in a fibrous capsule.
Extrinsic ligaments of the knee joint are found on either side.
Intrinsic ligaments are also present within the knee joint.

Knee Joint Ligaments

Fibular Collateral Ligament (Lateral Collateral Ligament) connects the femur to the fibula.
Medial Collateral Ligament (Tibial Collateral Ligament) connects the femur to the tibia.
Cruciate Ligaments cross and are named based on their inferior attachment.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) connects the posterior femur to the anterior tibia.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) connects the posterior femur to the posterior tibia.
Menisci are found between the femur and tibia.
Lateral Meniscus is located on the lateral side of the knee.
Medial Meniscus is located on the medial side of the knee.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the knee joint and the various muscles of the leg. This quiz covers essential connections, functions, and the roles of major ligaments and muscles involved in movement. Perfect for students of anatomy or anyone interested in human physiology!