Knee Joint Anatomy and Function
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Knee Joint Anatomy and Function

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Questions and Answers

What injury is characterized by tears of the tibial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, and medial meniscus?

  • Lateral collateral ligament injury
  • Unhappy triad of the knee joint (correct)
  • Patellar tendinopathy
  • Meniscal cyst

    • During the mechanism of an unhappy triad injury, the knee is typically struck from which direction?

  • Anterior side
  • Lateral side (correct)
  • Posterior side
  • Medial side

    • What type of stress causes a tear in the tibial collateral ligament during the unhappy triad injury?

  • Excessive rotation
  • Excessive adduction
  • Excessive abduction (correct)
  • Excessive flexion

    • Which of the following structures has an attachment point that makes it susceptible to injury during the unhappy triad?

    <p>Medial meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate clinical sign of the unhappy triad injury?

    <p>Marked swelling in the knee region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve is primarily associated with the muscles affected in the unhappy triad injury mechanism?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tibial collateral ligament?

    <p>Stabilize medial knee structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a false characteristic of the mechanism of injury for the unhappy triad?

    <p>The knee receives trauma from the medial side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the knee classified as?

    <p>Bicondylar synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT involved in the knee joint?

    <p>Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments are categorized as extra-capsular ligaments of the knee joint?

    <p>Patellar ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the pull of the quadriceps femoris muscle to be directed over the knee to the tibia?

    <p>Patellar tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the menisci in the knee joint?

    <p>Act as shock absorbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of the knee joint?

    <p>It stabilizes through both intra-capsular and extra-capsular ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of ligaments work together to provide stability to the knee joint?

    <p>Fibular and tibial collateral ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the knee joint's movement?

    <p>It allows for multiple movements including flexion, extension, and rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the zones of the meniscus is true?

    <p>The middle-third has a poor vascular supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medial collateral ligament?

    <p>Prevents displacement of the lateral femoral condyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes the tibial collateral ligament from the fibular collateral ligament?

    <p>Attachment to the lateral meniscus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of healing rates, how does a peripheral meniscus tear compare to a central meniscus tear?

    <p>A peripheral meniscus tear has a better healing rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the patellar ligament extend from?

    <p>The quadriceps tendon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of the lateral collateral ligament?

    <p>Limits adduction of the leg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily responsible for the stability of the knee joint under lateral stress?

    <p>Lateral collateral ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas of the meniscus has the least ability to heal?

    <p>The inner-third.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is classified as an intra-capsular ligament in the knee joint?

    <p>Anterior cruciate ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the knee joint menisci?

    <p>Shock absorption and lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the medial meniscus?

    <p>It is fixed and more liable to injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is NOT facilitated by the knee joint?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the shape of the lateral meniscus compare to that of the medial meniscus?

    <p>Lateral meniscus is nearly circular while medial is C-shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional function does the medial meniscus provide to the knee joint?

    <p>Distribute synovial fluid in a windshield-wiper manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is less fixed and therefore less prone to injury?

    <p>Lateral meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of rotations are possible at the knee joint?

    <p>Medial and lateral rotations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in relation to the femur?

    <p>It restricts anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) originate?

    <p>Posterior part of intercondylar area of the tibia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description accurately represents the attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

    <p>It attaches to the lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in knee mechanics?

    <p>It restricts posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view best demonstrates how the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) functions?

    <p>Lateral view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which area of the knee does the anterior cruciate ligament originate?

    <p>Anterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the coronal MRI section mentioned in the knee joint discussion?

    <p>It demonstrates detailed ligament structures and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee joint against posterior tibial displacement?

    <p>Posterior cruciate ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Knee Joint Anatomy

    • The knee joint is a synovial, bicondylar joint, the largest in the body.
    • It is composed of the femoro-tibial joint and femoro-patellar joint.
    • The femoro-tibial joint is the weight-bearing component and located between the femoral and tibial condyles.
    • The femoro- patellar joint is between the patella and the femur.
    • The fibula does not participate in the knee joint.
    • The knee joint also contains medial and lateral menisci, which act as shock absorbers, lubricate the articular surfaces, and increase the convexity of the medial tibial condyle.
    • The knee joint is supported by a network of extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments.
    • Extracapsular ligaments include the fibular collateral ligament, tibial collateral ligament, oblique popliteal ligament, patellar ligament, and popliteus tendon.
    • Intracapsular ligaments include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

    Movements of the Knee Joint

    • Movements of the knee joint include flexion and extension, medial and lateral rotation, and limited abduction and adduction.

    Unhappy Triad of the Knee Joint

    • The unhappy triad is a common knee injury in sports, especially football.
    • It includes a tear of the tibial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, and medial meniscus.
    • The mechanism of injury involves twisting, flexing, and receiving trauma on the lateral side of the knee.
    • The clinical picture includes marked swelling, tenderness along the tibial collateral ligament, and pain with knee movements.

    Blood Supply of the Meniscus

    • There are 3 arterial supply zones of the meniscus: red zone, red-white zone, and white zone.
    • The red zone, the outer third of the meniscus, is well-vascularized.
    • The red-white zone, the middle third, is poorly vascularized.
    • The white zone, the inner third, is avascular.

    Knee Joint Collateral Ligaments

    • Collateral ligaments are extracapsular ligaments.
    • The medial, or tibial, collateral ligament (TCL) is firmly attached to the medial meniscus and prevents displacement of the medial femoral and tibial condyles and limits abduction of the leg.
    • The lateral, or fibular (peroneal), collateral ligament (FCL) is separated from the lateral meniscus by the tendon of the popliteus muscle and prevents displacement of the lateral femoral and tibial condyles and limits adduction of the leg.

    Patellar Ligament

    • The patellar ligament is a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon.
    • It extends from the apex of the patella to the tuberosity of the tibia.
    • It can be used to repair the anterior cruciate ligament.

    Knee Joint Cruciate Ligaments

    • Cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments.
    • The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restricts anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur.
    • The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) restricts posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur.
    • ACL originates from the anterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia and inserts on the lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur.
    • PCL originates from the posterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia and inserts on the medial wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur.

    Knee Joint Locking and Unlocking

    • The knee joint has a mechanism for locking and unlocking, which is related to the rotation of the tibia on the femur.
    • The screw-home mechanism refers to the final 10-15 degrees of knee extension, as the tibia rotates laterally on the femur.
    • This mechanism is initiated by the lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia.

    Case Study

    • The case study discusses an unhappy triad of the knee joint.
    • It presents the clinical picture and the mechanism of the injury.

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    Knee Joint Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Explore the detailed anatomy of the knee joint, the largest synovial joint in the human body. This quiz covers its structures, such as the femoro-tibial and femoro-patellar joints, as well as the crucial ligaments involved in its function. Test your knowledge on the movements and features that make the knee joint essential for mobility.

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