Podcast
Questions and Answers
When adding or subtracting numbers expressed in scientific notation, what condition must be met before performing the operation?
When adding or subtracting numbers expressed in scientific notation, what condition must be met before performing the operation?
- The scientific notation must be converted to standard notation.
- The decimal numbers must be the same.
- The exponents must be the same. (correct)
- The base numbers must be different.
Which of the following is the correct derived SI unit for measuring the quantity of energy?
Which of the following is the correct derived SI unit for measuring the quantity of energy?
- Watt (W)
- Joule (J) (correct)
- Newton (N)
- Coulomb (Coul)
What is the correct procedure for dividing numbers expressed in scientific notation?
What is the correct procedure for dividing numbers expressed in scientific notation?
- Subtract the numbers and divide the exponents.
- Divide the numbers and add the exponents.
- Divide the numbers and subtract the exponents. (correct)
- Subtract the numbers and multiply the exponents.
Which of the following units is a base SI unit?
Which of the following units is a base SI unit?
What role does chemistry play in medicine and engineering?
What role does chemistry play in medicine and engineering?
If you have two measurements: $3.0 \times 10^5$ and $1.5 \times 10^4$, what is their sum expressed in scientific notation?
If you have two measurements: $3.0 \times 10^5$ and $1.5 \times 10^4$, what is their sum expressed in scientific notation?
What is the derived unit and symbol for measuring speed or velocity in the SI system?
What is the derived unit and symbol for measuring speed or velocity in the SI system?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the distinction between organic and inorganic matter based on origin?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the distinction between organic and inorganic matter based on origin?
A scientist is analyzing a substance and observes that it cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Which of the following classifications is most appropriate for this substance?
A scientist is analyzing a substance and observes that it cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Which of the following classifications is most appropriate for this substance?
Consider a sealed container with a fixed volume. Which state of matter will be least affected by a change in the container's volume, assuming temperature remains constant?
Consider a sealed container with a fixed volume. Which state of matter will be least affected by a change in the container's volume, assuming temperature remains constant?
When salt is dissolved in water, forming saltwater, what type of matter is created, and what are its characteristics?
When salt is dissolved in water, forming saltwater, what type of matter is created, and what are its characteristics?
How does the structure of particles differ between solids, liquids, and gases?
How does the structure of particles differ between solids, liquids, and gases?
Which of the following properties is most closely associated with a material's resistance to scratching?
Which of the following properties is most closely associated with a material's resistance to scratching?
Which of the following is considered a chemical property of a substance?
Which of the following is considered a chemical property of a substance?
Which of the following processes is an example of a physical change?
Which of the following processes is an example of a physical change?
What distinguishes a physical change from a chemical change?
What distinguishes a physical change from a chemical change?
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be affected by a physical change?
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be affected by a physical change?
When sucrose is heated, it caramelizes and eventually turns into carbon and water. What type of change is this?
When sucrose is heated, it caramelizes and eventually turns into carbon and water. What type of change is this?
Which of the following observations indicates a chemical property of a substance?
Which of the following observations indicates a chemical property of a substance?
If a metal is stretched into a wire, what property is it exhibiting?
If a metal is stretched into a wire, what property is it exhibiting?
Which of the of following is considered a physical property?
Which of the of following is considered a physical property?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
What is the result of $(8.1 \times 10^9) + (3.0 \times 10^8)$ expressed in correct scientific notation?
What is the result of $(8.1 \times 10^9) + (3.0 \times 10^8)$ expressed in correct scientific notation?
A student measures a length to be 0.0450 meters. How many significant figures are in this measurement?
A student measures a length to be 0.0450 meters. How many significant figures are in this measurement?
A rectangle's sides are measured to be 4.55 cm and 2.2 cm. What is the area of the rectangle, expressed with the correct number of significant figures?
A rectangle's sides are measured to be 4.55 cm and 2.2 cm. What is the area of the rectangle, expressed with the correct number of significant figures?
What is the result of $(3.0 \times 10^{-3}) / (6.0 \times 10^9)$ expressed in correct scientific notation?
What is the result of $(3.0 \times 10^{-3}) / (6.0 \times 10^9)$ expressed in correct scientific notation?
Which of the following measurements has four significant figures?
Which of the following measurements has four significant figures?
A student performs a series of measurements and obtains the following values: 2.5 cm, 2.6 cm, and 2.4 cm. The actual value is known to be 3.0 cm. Which statement best describes the measurements?
A student performs a series of measurements and obtains the following values: 2.5 cm, 2.6 cm, and 2.4 cm. The actual value is known to be 3.0 cm. Which statement best describes the measurements?
What is the result of calculating the following, expressed to the correct number of significant figures: 3.14159 * 2.0?
What is the result of calculating the following, expressed to the correct number of significant figures: 3.14159 * 2.0?
What is 8.6123g rounded to 2 significant figures?
What is 8.6123g rounded to 2 significant figures?
A scientist observes that when substance A is compressed, it deforms significantly without cracking. Which property of matter is substance A exhibiting?
A scientist observes that when substance A is compressed, it deforms significantly without cracking. Which property of matter is substance A exhibiting?
If a metal can be easily drawn into a thin wire, which property of matter is it demonstrating?
If a metal can be easily drawn into a thin wire, which property of matter is it demonstrating?
What is the volume of a rectangular block of wood with dimensions 10.0 cm x 4.0 cm x 25.0 cm?
What is the volume of a rectangular block of wood with dimensions 10.0 cm x 4.0 cm x 25.0 cm?
A graduated cylinder contains 25.0 mL of water. After placing a 100.0 g rock into the cylinder, the water level rises to 45.0 mL. What is the density of the rock?
A graduated cylinder contains 25.0 mL of water. After placing a 100.0 g rock into the cylinder, the water level rises to 45.0 mL. What is the density of the rock?
A metal has a density of 7.87 g/cm$^3$. If a sample of this metal has a volume of 10.0 cm$^3$, what is its mass?
A metal has a density of 7.87 g/cm$^3$. If a sample of this metal has a volume of 10.0 cm$^3$, what is its mass?
A thermometer reads 25°C. What is the equivalent temperature in Kelvin?
A thermometer reads 25°C. What is the equivalent temperature in Kelvin?
A sample of gas is heated from 27°C to 227°C. What is the change in temperature in Kelvin?
A sample of gas is heated from 27°C to 227°C. What is the change in temperature in Kelvin?
Convert 68°F to Celsius.
Convert 68°F to Celsius.
What distinguishes mass from weight?
What distinguishes mass from weight?
Calculate the specific gravity of a substance with a density of 2.5 g/cm³, using water (density = 1 g/cm³) as the standard.
Calculate the specific gravity of a substance with a density of 2.5 g/cm³, using water (density = 1 g/cm³) as the standard.
Which of the following best describes matter?
Which of the following best describes matter?
What are the tiny particles that compose matter called?
What are the tiny particles that compose matter called?
Approximately how many different types of atoms (elements) are there?
Approximately how many different types of atoms (elements) are there?
Which of the following is NOT a major phase of matter?
Which of the following is NOT a major phase of matter?
Which phase of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
Which phase of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
Which phase of matter takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume?
Which phase of matter takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume?
Which phase of matter fills the container it is in and does not have a definite shape or volume?
Which phase of matter fills the container it is in and does not have a definite shape or volume?
What is a substance made up of only one type of atom called?
What is a substance made up of only one type of atom called?
What is a substance made up of multiple elements called?
What is a substance made up of multiple elements called?
Which of the following is a pure substance?
Which of the following is a pure substance?
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
What type of property is flammability?
What type of property is flammability?
What does the term 'aqueous' (aq) mean?
What does the term 'aqueous' (aq) mean?
Which of the following is an extensive property?
Which of the following is an extensive property?
What kind of change occurs when paper is torn?
What kind of change occurs when paper is torn?
What kind of change occurs when cellulose becomes $CO_2$ and $H_2O$?
What kind of change occurs when cellulose becomes $CO_2$ and $H_2O$?
What is the primary focus of chemistry?
What is the primary focus of chemistry?
What defines matter?
What defines matter?
About how many different elements (types of atoms) are there?
About how many different elements (types of atoms) are there?
Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
Which state of matter expands to fill its container, having neither a definite shape nor volume?
Which state of matter expands to fill its container, having neither a definite shape nor volume?
Which of the following describes a heterogeneous mixture?
Which of the following describes a heterogeneous mixture?
What is a substance made up of multiple elements chemically bonded together called?
What is a substance made up of multiple elements chemically bonded together called?
Which of the following is a chemical property of a substance?
Which of the following is a chemical property of a substance?
What type of change occurs when ice melts?
What type of change occurs when ice melts?
What is the chemical property associated with the rusting of a nail?
What is the chemical property associated with the rusting of a nail?
What kind of change occurs when salt dissolves in water?
What kind of change occurs when salt dissolves in water?
Which of the following properties is calculated from two extensive properties, yet is considered an intensive property?
Which of the following properties is calculated from two extensive properties, yet is considered an intensive property?
Into what two main categories does chemistry classify matter?
Into what two main categories does chemistry classify matter?
What distinguishes pure substances from mixtures?
What distinguishes pure substances from mixtures?
Which of the following is classified as a pure substance?
Which of the following is classified as a pure substance?
What defines an element?
What defines an element?
Which process can separate water into hydrogen and oxygen?
Which process can separate water into hydrogen and oxygen?
What characterizes a homogeneous mixture?
What characterizes a homogeneous mixture?
What is a compound?
What is a compound?
Which of the following is a physical process used to separate mixtures?
Which of the following is a physical process used to separate mixtures?
Which of the following scenarios describes a substance undergoing a chemical change?
Which of the following scenarios describes a substance undergoing a chemical change?
In which state of matter are the particles widely separated and able to move independently of each other?
In which state of matter are the particles widely separated and able to move independently of each other?
What distinguishes a compound from a mixture?
What distinguishes a compound from a mixture?
If a substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container, which state of matter is it?
If a substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container, which state of matter is it?
Which process is most likely to separate a heterogeneous mixture of a solid and a liquid?
Which process is most likely to separate a heterogeneous mixture of a solid and a liquid?
Why is dissolving sugar in water considered a physical change?
Why is dissolving sugar in water considered a physical change?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the organization of matter?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the organization of matter?
What is the key difference between a physical change and a chemical change regarding the composition of matter?
What is the key difference between a physical change and a chemical change regarding the composition of matter?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the arrangement and interaction of particles in a liquid?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the arrangement and interaction of particles in a liquid?
In which classification of matter do the components retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means?
In which classification of matter do the components retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means?
A scientist is investigating a substance that is non-living. According to classification by origin, which type of matter is the scientist most likely examining?
A scientist is investigating a substance that is non-living. According to classification by origin, which type of matter is the scientist most likely examining?
You have a sealed container. Under which circumstances would a gas be most affected?
You have a sealed container. Under which circumstances would a gas be most affected?
If you have a sugar cube dissolving into water, what kind of matter is it and what are its characteristics?
If you have a sugar cube dissolving into water, what kind of matter is it and what are its characteristics?
Which of the following is the correct representation of the prefix 'micro' in decimal notation?
Which of the following is the correct representation of the prefix 'micro' in decimal notation?
What is the result of $(5.0 imes 10^{-2}) imes (3.0 imes 10^{-3})$ expressed in scientific notation?
What is the result of $(5.0 imes 10^{-2}) imes (3.0 imes 10^{-3})$ expressed in scientific notation?
If a block has a length of 10.0 cm, a width of 4.0 cm, and a height of 25.0 cm, what is its volume in cubic meters?
If a block has a length of 10.0 cm, a width of 4.0 cm, and a height of 25.0 cm, what is its volume in cubic meters?
Which of the following measurements is expressed to three significant figures?
Which of the following measurements is expressed to three significant figures?
A sample has a mass of 2500 grams. What is its mass in kilograms?
A sample has a mass of 2500 grams. What is its mass in kilograms?
Which unit is used to measure luminous intensity in the SI system?
Which unit is used to measure luminous intensity in the SI system?
What is the derived SI unit for measuring force?
What is the derived SI unit for measuring force?
Which of the following describes the relationship between temperature and molecular motion?
Which of the following describes the relationship between temperature and molecular motion?
A scientist measures the temperature of a solution and finds it to be 25°C. What is this temperature in Kelvin?
A scientist measures the temperature of a solution and finds it to be 25°C. What is this temperature in Kelvin?
A block of aluminum has sides of 2.0 cm, 3.0 cm, and 4.0 cm. What is the volume of the block?
A block of aluminum has sides of 2.0 cm, 3.0 cm, and 4.0 cm. What is the volume of the block?
A metal cube has a mass of 50 grams and a volume of 10 cm$^3$. What is the density of the metal?
A metal cube has a mass of 50 grams and a volume of 10 cm$^3$. What is the density of the metal?
A substance has a density of 3 g/mL. What is its specific gravity?
A substance has a density of 3 g/mL. What is its specific gravity?
Which of the following is an example of matter?
Which of the following is an example of matter?
Which property allows a metal to be hammered into thin sheets?
Which property allows a metal to be hammered into thin sheets?
A copper wire can be drawn into a thinner wire. Which property of matter allows this?
A copper wire can be drawn into a thinner wire. Which property of matter allows this?
At what temperature do the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales have the same numerical value?
At what temperature do the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales have the same numerical value?
If a 100g object displaces 20mL of water, what is its density?
If a 100g object displaces 20mL of water, what is its density?
Which property of matter is most directly related to its ability to resist indentation by a harder material?
Which property of matter is most directly related to its ability to resist indentation by a harder material?
A blacksmith heats a piece of iron and then hammers it into a new shape. Which type of property is the blacksmith primarily manipulating?
A blacksmith heats a piece of iron and then hammers it into a new shape. Which type of property is the blacksmith primarily manipulating?
What is the key difference between observing a substance's boiling point and observing its flammability?
What is the key difference between observing a substance's boiling point and observing its flammability?
Which scenario involves observing a chemical property?
Which scenario involves observing a chemical property?
When multiplying numbers expressed in scientific notation, what is the correct procedure for the exponents?
When multiplying numbers expressed in scientific notation, what is the correct procedure for the exponents?
In an experiment, a student observes that a metal dissolves in acid, producing hydrogen gas. What type of property is being observed?
In an experiment, a student observes that a metal dissolves in acid, producing hydrogen gas. What type of property is being observed?
Calculate $(9.0 imes 10^5) imes (2.0 imes 10^{-2})$ and express the result in scientific notation.
Calculate $(9.0 imes 10^5) imes (2.0 imes 10^{-2})$ and express the result in scientific notation.
What is the result of $(6.0 imes 10^{-4}) / (2.0 imes 10^{-8})$ expressed in scientific notation?
What is the result of $(6.0 imes 10^{-4}) / (2.0 imes 10^{-8})$ expressed in scientific notation?
Which of the following describes a chemical change?
Which of the following describes a chemical change?
How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.05060 m?
How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.05060 m?
Which process involves a physical change but NOT a chemical change?
Which process involves a physical change but NOT a chemical change?
A rectangular garden has dimensions of 12.5 m and 8.0 m. What is the area of the garden, expressed with the correct number of significant figures?
A rectangular garden has dimensions of 12.5 m and 8.0 m. What is the area of the garden, expressed with the correct number of significant figures?
If a substance changes from solid to liquid at a specific temp, what kind of property is being observed and what forces are overcome?
If a substance changes from solid to liquid at a specific temp, what kind of property is being observed and what forces are overcome?
When sucrose is heated, it first melts and then caramelizes. Which type of change occurs initially, and which occurs subsequently?
When sucrose is heated, it first melts and then caramelizes. Which type of change occurs initially, and which occurs subsequently?
What is 2.955 rounded to two significant figures?
What is 2.955 rounded to two significant figures?
You have the following measurements: 5.2 cm, 5.25 cm, and 5.3 cm. If the actual value is known to be 5.25 cm, which statement best describes the set of measurements?
You have the following measurements: 5.2 cm, 5.25 cm, and 5.3 cm. If the actual value is known to be 5.25 cm, which statement best describes the set of measurements?
A chemist is trying to determine the type of bonds formed in a new compound, which of the following properties would they want to examine?
A chemist is trying to determine the type of bonds formed in a new compound, which of the following properties would they want to examine?
When adding the masses 2.5 g and 3.75 g, how should the result be reported using the rules for significant figures?
When adding the masses 2.5 g and 3.75 g, how should the result be reported using the rules for significant figures?
In a lab, a student is asked to determine the volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder. Three measurements are taken: 25.1 mL, 25.2 mL, and 25.3 mL. The actual volume of the liquid is known to be 27.0 mL. How would you describe the student's measurements?
In a lab, a student is asked to determine the volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder. Three measurements are taken: 25.1 mL, 25.2 mL, and 25.3 mL. The actual volume of the liquid is known to be 27.0 mL. How would you describe the student's measurements?
How does chemistry contribute to advancements in medicine?
How does chemistry contribute to advancements in medicine?
A chemist needs to convert picograms (pg) to grams (g). Which of the following conversion factors is correct?
A chemist needs to convert picograms (pg) to grams (g). Which of the following conversion factors is correct?
What is the correct setup for multiplying $3.0 \times 10^{-5}$ by $5.0 \times 10^{7}$ in scientific notation?
What is the correct setup for multiplying $3.0 \times 10^{-5}$ by $5.0 \times 10^{7}$ in scientific notation?
Which of the following correctly represents the derived SI unit for measuring the quantity of energy?
Which of the following correctly represents the derived SI unit for measuring the quantity of energy?
A student measures the length of a table as 1.25 meters. Which of the following is the correct representation of this length in centimeters?
A student measures the length of a table as 1.25 meters. Which of the following is the correct representation of this length in centimeters?
What distinguishes a derived unit from a base unit in the International System of Units (SI)?
What distinguishes a derived unit from a base unit in the International System of Units (SI)?
When dividing two numbers in scientific notation, such as $(6.0 \times 10^8) / (2.0 \times 10^3)$, what operation should be performed on the exponents?
When dividing two numbers in scientific notation, such as $(6.0 \times 10^8) / (2.0 \times 10^3)$, what operation should be performed on the exponents?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the key difference between the arrangement of particles in a liquid and a gas?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the key difference between the arrangement of particles in a liquid and a gas?
Consider a sealed container containing a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gases. If the temperature of the container is significantly decreased and the volume remains constant, what is the MOST likely outcome regarding the state of matter within the container?
Consider a sealed container containing a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gases. If the temperature of the container is significantly decreased and the volume remains constant, what is the MOST likely outcome regarding the state of matter within the container?
A chemist is analyzing a sample of seawater. After evaporation, a white solid residue remains. Based on this observation, what type of matter was the original seawater sample?
A chemist is analyzing a sample of seawater. After evaporation, a white solid residue remains. Based on this observation, what type of matter was the original seawater sample?
A scientist discovers a new substance in a meteorite. Upon analysis, the substance cannot be broken down into simpler components through chemical reactions. Which of the following classifications is most appropriate for this substance?
A scientist discovers a new substance in a meteorite. Upon analysis, the substance cannot be broken down into simpler components through chemical reactions. Which of the following classifications is most appropriate for this substance?
Which characteristic is MOST indicative of a substance being classified as organic rather than inorganic?
Which characteristic is MOST indicative of a substance being classified as organic rather than inorganic?
What is the result of $(9.0 imes 10^6) / (3.0 imes 10^{-3})$ expressed in correct scientific notation?
What is the result of $(9.0 imes 10^6) / (3.0 imes 10^{-3})$ expressed in correct scientific notation?
Which of the following properties describes a material's ability to resist permanent deformation when a force is applied?
Which of the following properties describes a material's ability to resist permanent deformation when a force is applied?
Which of these changes represents a physical change, altering the form or appearance of the substance but not its chemical composition?
Which of these changes represents a physical change, altering the form or appearance of the substance but not its chemical composition?
Why is dissolving sugar in water classified as a physical change?
Why is dissolving sugar in water classified as a physical change?
A rectangular piece of metal measures 2.50 cm by 1.25 cm. What is the area of this piece of metal, expressed with the correct number of significant figures?
A rectangular piece of metal measures 2.50 cm by 1.25 cm. What is the area of this piece of metal, expressed with the correct number of significant figures?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?
A chemist performs an experiment and obtains the following measurements: 5.20 g, 5.21 g, and 5.22 g. If the true value is 4.20 g, which statement best describes the measurements?
A chemist performs an experiment and obtains the following measurements: 5.20 g, 5.21 g, and 5.22 g. If the true value is 4.20 g, which statement best describes the measurements?
Calculate the following expression, and report your result to the correct number of significant figures: 15.25 + 2.1 - 0.035
Calculate the following expression, and report your result to the correct number of significant figures: 15.25 + 2.1 - 0.035
What is the fundamental difference between physical and chemical properties of a substance?
What is the fundamental difference between physical and chemical properties of a substance?
What is 9.8345 rounded to three significant figures?
What is 9.8345 rounded to three significant figures?
Which property is indicative of the elasticity of a rubber band?
Which property is indicative of the elasticity of a rubber band?
A student measures the length of a table three times and obtains the following results: 1.50 m, 1.51 m, and 1.49 m. Which of the following best describes these measurements?
A student measures the length of a table three times and obtains the following results: 1.50 m, 1.51 m, and 1.49 m. Which of the following best describes these measurements?
When fuels like hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce water and energy, what type of change is occurring?
When fuels like hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce water and energy, what type of change is occurring?
A balance is used to find the mass of a sample and it reads 12.53 g consistently, however the actual mass of the sample is 12.73 g. Which of the following best describes this measurement?
A balance is used to find the mass of a sample and it reads 12.53 g consistently, however the actual mass of the sample is 12.73 g. Which of the following best describes this measurement?
If a purple dye fades to pink when exposed to bleach, what kind of change has the dye undergone?
If a purple dye fades to pink when exposed to bleach, what kind of change has the dye undergone?
Which of the following processes involves a change in chemical properties?
Which of the following processes involves a change in chemical properties?
Which of the following is least likely to affect the chemical properties of a substance?
Which of the following is least likely to affect the chemical properties of a substance?
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the property of malleability?
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the property of malleability?
A metal is described as ductile. What does this imply about the metal's properties?
A metal is described as ductile. What does this imply about the metal's properties?
What is the final temperature in Fahrenheit when 25°C is heated to 300°C?
What is the final temperature in Fahrenheit when 25°C is heated to 300°C?
What is the volume of a rectangular block with dimensions of 2.0 cm x 3.0 cm x 4.0 cm?
What is the volume of a rectangular block with dimensions of 2.0 cm x 3.0 cm x 4.0 cm?
A graduated cylinder contains 15.0 mL of water. After adding a metal object with a mass of 45.0 g, the water level rises to 25.0 mL. What is most nearly the density of the metal?
A graduated cylinder contains 15.0 mL of water. After adding a metal object with a mass of 45.0 g, the water level rises to 25.0 mL. What is most nearly the density of the metal?
If a sample of gas is heated from 23°C to 123°C, what is the change in temperature in Kelvin?
If a sample of gas is heated from 23°C to 123°C, what is the change in temperature in Kelvin?
A substance has a mass of 100g and a volume of 50 $cm^3$. What is its density?
A substance has a mass of 100g and a volume of 50 $cm^3$. What is its density?
A piece of metal with a mass of 50.0 g is placed into a graduated cylinder containing 25.0 mL of water, raising the water level to 35.0 mL. What is the density of the metal?
A piece of metal with a mass of 50.0 g is placed into a graduated cylinder containing 25.0 mL of water, raising the water level to 35.0 mL. What is the density of the metal?
What Celsius temperature corresponds to 283 Kelvin?
What Celsius temperature corresponds to 283 Kelvin?
Calculate the new volume of if both length and width has the following dimensions: 6.0 cm, 4.0 cm. The initial height is 5.0 cm, but then changes to 10.0 cm.
Calculate the new volume of if both length and width has the following dimensions: 6.0 cm, 4.0 cm. The initial height is 5.0 cm, but then changes to 10.0 cm.
Which of the following properties will remain the same regardless of the amount of substance present?
Which of the following properties will remain the same regardless of the amount of substance present?
Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
Which of the following pairs consists of one intensive and one extensive property, respectively?
Which of the following pairs consists of one intensive and one extensive property, respectively?
If a sample of water is divided in half, which property will remain unchanged for both halves, assuming ideal conditions?
If a sample of water is divided in half, which property will remain unchanged for both halves, assuming ideal conditions?
Which of the following can be used to help identify a substance?
Which of the following can be used to help identify a substance?
Which of the following properties is NOT an intensive property?
Which of the following properties is NOT an intensive property?
Two beakers contain water. Beaker A has 100 mL of water, and Beaker B has 200 mL of water. Which of the following properties is the same for both beakers?
Two beakers contain water. Beaker A has 100 mL of water, and Beaker B has 200 mL of water. Which of the following properties is the same for both beakers?
As the amount of a substance increases, which of its properties will also increase?
As the amount of a substance increases, which of its properties will also increase?
Which of the following describes how an intensive property can be derived from extensive properties?
Which of the following describes how an intensive property can be derived from extensive properties?
If you have two separate samples of pure gold, one small and one large, which property will be the same for both samples?
If you have two separate samples of pure gold, one small and one large, which property will be the same for both samples?
Which of the following properties will remain constant regardless of the amount of substance present?
Which of the following properties will remain constant regardless of the amount of substance present?
If a substance’s mass is doubled while its volume remains constant, what happens to its density?
If a substance’s mass is doubled while its volume remains constant, what happens to its density?
Which of the following is an example of using intensive properties to identify a substance?
Which of the following is an example of using intensive properties to identify a substance?
Which of the following pairs of properties are both classified as extensive?
Which of the following pairs of properties are both classified as extensive?
You have two samples of copper. Sample A has a mass of 50g and Sample B has a mass of 100g. Which of the following intensive properties will be the same for both samples?
You have two samples of copper. Sample A has a mass of 50g and Sample B has a mass of 100g. Which of the following intensive properties will be the same for both samples?
Which of the following properties would change if you divide a sample of water in half?
Which of the following properties would change if you divide a sample of water in half?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between extensive and intensive properties?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between extensive and intensive properties?
Why are intensive properties more useful when identifying a certain substance?
Why are intensive properties more useful when identifying a certain substance?
Imagine you have a 100g sample of gold and a 200g sample of gold. Which property would be different between the two samples?
Imagine you have a 100g sample of gold and a 200g sample of gold. Which property would be different between the two samples?
A scientist measures the mass and volume of a sample, then calculates the density. How would you classify the original measurements and the calculated value?
A scientist measures the mass and volume of a sample, then calculates the density. How would you classify the original measurements and the calculated value?
Flashcards
Chemistry
Chemistry
The study of matter and its transformations.
SI Units
SI Units
A system of units based on seven base units: meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (electric current), kelvin (temperature), mole (amount of substance), and candela (luminous intensity).
Derived Units
Derived Units
Units derived from the base SI units, representing quantities like volume, density, and force.
Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
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Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
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Adding/Subtracting Scientific Notation
Adding/Subtracting Scientific Notation
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Multiplying Scientific Notation
Multiplying Scientific Notation
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Length
Length
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Mass
Mass
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Temperature
Temperature
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Thermometer
Thermometer
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Kelvin Conversion
Kelvin Conversion
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Volume
Volume
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Density
Density
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Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity
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Matter
Matter
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Malleability
Malleability
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Physical Change
Physical Change
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Solid
Solid
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Liquid
Liquid
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Compound
Compound
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Scientific Notation Multiplication
Scientific Notation Multiplication
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Scientific Notation Division
Scientific Notation Division
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Sig Fig Rule: Non-Zero Digits
Sig Fig Rule: Non-Zero Digits
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Sig Fig Rule: Trailing Zeros (decimal)
Sig Fig Rule: Trailing Zeros (decimal)
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Sig Fig Rule: Captive Zeros
Sig Fig Rule: Captive Zeros
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Sig Fig Rule: Leading Zeros
Sig Fig Rule: Leading Zeros
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Rounding Rule
Rounding Rule
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Sig Figs: Add/Subtract
Sig Figs: Add/Subtract
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Sig Figs: Multiply/Divide
Sig Figs: Multiply/Divide
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Hardness
Hardness
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Elasticity
Elasticity
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Physical Properties
Physical Properties
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Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties
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Solubility
Solubility
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Viscosity
Viscosity
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Reactant
Reactant
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Products
Products
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Chemical Change
Chemical Change
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What is Matter?
What is Matter?
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What are Elements?
What are Elements?
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Phases of Matter
Phases of Matter
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What is a Solid?
What is a Solid?
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What is a Liquid?
What is a Liquid?
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What is a Gas?
What is a Gas?
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What is an Element?
What is an Element?
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What is a Compound?
What is a Compound?
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Diatomic Molecules
Diatomic Molecules
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Pure Substance
Pure Substance
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Mixture
Mixture
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Homogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
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Solution
Solution
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Heterogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
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Chemical Property
Chemical Property
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Physical Property
Physical Property
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Intensive Properties
Intensive Properties
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Extensive Properties
Extensive Properties
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What is Chemistry?
What is Chemistry?
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What are Atoms?
What are Atoms?
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What are the States of Matter?
What are the States of Matter?
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What are Diatomic Elements?
What are Diatomic Elements?
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What is a Mixture?
What is a Mixture?
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What is a Solution?
What is a Solution?
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What are Chemical Properties?
What are Chemical Properties?
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What are Physical Properties?
What are Physical Properties?
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Intensive Property
Intensive Property
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Extensive Property
Extensive Property
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What is Density?
What is Density?
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Temperature (Intensive)
Temperature (Intensive)
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Matter Classification
Matter Classification
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Elements
Elements
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Distillation
Distillation
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Electrolysis
Electrolysis
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Solid State
Solid State
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Liquid State
Liquid State
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Gas State
Gas State
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What are SI Units?
What are SI Units?
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What are Derived Units?
What are Derived Units?
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What is Scientific Notation?
What is Scientific Notation?
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Adding/Subtracting in Scientific Notation
Adding/Subtracting in Scientific Notation
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Multiplying in Scientific Notation
Multiplying in Scientific Notation
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Dividing in Scientific Notation
Dividing in Scientific Notation
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Bose-Einstein condensate
Bose-Einstein condensate
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Plasma
Plasma
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Organic Matter
Organic Matter
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Examples of Physical properties
Examples of Physical properties
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Examples of chemical properties
Examples of chemical properties
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Characteristic of a physical change
Characteristic of a physical change
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Chemical Reaction
Chemical Reaction
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Indications of Chemical Change
Indications of Chemical Change
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Scientific Notation: Multiply/Divide
Scientific Notation: Multiply/Divide
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Sig Fig Rule: Non-Zeros
Sig Fig Rule: Non-Zeros
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Sig Fig Rule: Trailing Zero
Sig Fig Rule: Trailing Zero
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Sig Fig Rounding Rule
Sig Fig Rounding Rule
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Accuracy
Accuracy
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Length Measurement
Length Measurement
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Weight and Mass Measurement
Weight and Mass Measurement
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Celsius Scale
Celsius Scale
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Fahrenheit Scale
Fahrenheit Scale
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Kelvin Scale
Kelvin Scale
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Volume Formula
Volume Formula
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Ductility
Ductility
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Brittleness
Brittleness
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Kelvin Conversion Formula
Kelvin Conversion Formula
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Dividing Scientific Notation
Dividing Scientific Notation
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What is Temperature?
What is Temperature?
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What's a Thermometer?
What's a Thermometer?
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What is Volume?
What is Volume?
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Typical Density Units
Typical Density Units
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What is Specific Gravity?
What is Specific Gravity?
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What is Malleability?
What is Malleability?
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What is Ductility?
What is Ductility?
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What is Brittleness?
What is Brittleness?
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Significant Figures: Non-Zero
Significant Figures: Non-Zero
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Significant Figures: Trailing Zeros
Significant Figures: Trailing Zeros
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Significant Figures: Captive Zeros
Significant Figures: Captive Zeros
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Significant Figures: Leading Zeros
Significant Figures: Leading Zeros
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Rounding Rule: >= 5
Rounding Rule: >= 5
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Rounding Rule: < 5
Rounding Rule: < 5
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Sig Figs: Addition/Subtraction
Sig Figs: Addition/Subtraction
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Sig Figs: Multiplication/Division
Sig Figs: Multiplication/Division
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Boiling Point (intensive)
Boiling Point (intensive)
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Melting Point (intensive)
Melting Point (intensive)
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Specific Heat Capacity (intensive)
Specific Heat Capacity (intensive)
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Density (intensive)
Density (intensive)
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Conductivity (intensive)
Conductivity (intensive)
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Number of Moles (extensive)
Number of Moles (extensive)
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Mass (extensive)
Mass (extensive)
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Density Definition
Density Definition
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Substance Identification
Substance Identification
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Intensive Chemical Properties
Intensive Chemical Properties
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Intensive Physical Properties
Intensive Physical Properties
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Extensive Properties Examples
Extensive Properties Examples
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Density Formula
Density Formula
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Extensive Ratio = Intensive
Extensive Ratio = Intensive
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Study Notes
Basic Tools of Chemistry
- Chemistry involves the study of matter and how it changes.
- Studying chemistry helps in understanding our surroundings and plays a central role in medicine, engineering, and many sciences.
SI Units
- Length is measured in meters (m).
- Mass is measured in kilograms (kg).
- Time is measured in seconds (s).
- Electric Current is measured in Amperes (A).
- Temperature is measured in Kelvin (K).
- Amount of Substance is measured in moles (mol).
- Luminous Intensity is measured in candelas (Cd).
Derive Units
- Volume is measured in Cubic meters or Liters (M^3 or L).
- Density is measured in Kilograms per Cubic meter (Kg/m^3).
- Speed or Velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s).
- Concentration is measured in Moles per cubic meter (Mol/m^3).
- Force is measured in Newton (N) or (Kg m/s^2).
- Energy is measured in Joule (J) or (Kg m^2/s^2).
- Power is measured in Watt (W) or (J/s^2).
- Quantity of electricity is measured in Coulomb (Coul) or (A*s).
- Electrical Potential is measured in Volt (V) or (W/A).
Decimal Multiplier
- Pico (p) has a value of 10^-12 or 0.000000000001.
- Nano (n) has a value of 10^-9 or 0.000000001.
- Micro (µ) has a value of 10^-6 or 0.000001.
- Milli (m) has a value of 10^-3 or 0.001.
- Centi (c) has a value of 10^-2 or 0.01.
- Deci (d) has a value of 10^-1 or 0.1.
- Zero (-) has a value of 0.
- Deca (D) has a value of 10^1 or 10.
- Hecto (H) has a value of 10^2 or 100.
- Kilo (K) has a value of 10^3 or 1000.
- Mega (M) has a value of 10^6 or 1000000.
- Giga (G) has a value of 10^9 or 1000000000.
- Tera (T) has a value of 10^12 or 1000000000000.
Scientific Notation: Addition or Subtraction
- To add or subtract numbers in scientific notation, the numbers must be expressed with the same exponent.
- Add or subtract the numbers; the exponents will not change.
- Example of Addition: 1.90 x 10^3 + 0.30 x 10^3 = 2.20 x 10^3
- Example of Subtraction: 1.90 x 10^3 - 0.30 x 10^3 = 1.60 x 10^3
Scientific Notation: Multiplication
- To multiply numbers in scientific notation, multiply the numbers and then add the exponents together.
- Example: (4.0 x 10^6) x (2.0 x 10^3) = (4.0 x 2.0) x 10^(6+3) = 8.0 x 10^9
Scientific Notation: Divide
- To divide numbers in scientific notation, divide the numbers and subtract the exponents.
- (4.0 x 10^6) / (2.0 x 10^3) = 2.0 x 10^3
Rules of Significant Figures
- Non-zero digits are always significant, example 103.23 has 5 sig figs.
- All final zeros after the decimal point are significant, example 0.0420 has 3 sig figs.
- Zeros between two other significant digits are always significant, example 6.01 has 3 sig figs.
- Zeros used only for spacing the decimal point are not significant example 0.00000233 has 3 sig figs
- If a number is greater than 1, all zeros written after the decimal point are significant; for example: 9.0 mg has 2 sig figs.
- If a number is less than 1, then only the zeros at the end of the number and the zeros that are between nonzero digits are significant; 0.090kg has 2 sig figs.
Rules for Rounding Off Significant Figures
- When rounding, if the next number is 5 or greater, the last significant figure is rounded up to the next higher number
- For example 4.3627g is rounded to 4.363g for to 4 significant figures.
- When rounding, if the next number is less than 5, retain the value
- For example 8.6123g is rounded to 8.6 for 2 significant figures
- When adding or subtracting, round to the fewest places past the decimal.
- When multiplying or dividing round the answer to the least significant figures.
Measurement and Dimensional Analysis
- Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the real value and can be determined by standard deviation.
Laboratory Measurements
- Length measures the distance between objects.
- Weight and mass measure the amount of matter in an object.
Temperature
- Temperature measures how hot or cold an object is.
- It is determined by the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object.
- Higher temperature equals faster molecule movement; lower temperature equals slower molecule movement.
- A thermometer measures temperature.
- Kelvin (K) = Celsius (C) + 273
- Celsius (C) = (Fahrenheit (F) - 32) *5/9
- Fahrenheit (F) = Celsius (C) * 9/5 + 32
Formula for Volume
- Volume of Cube = s^3
- Volume of Rectangular Prism = lwh or Bh
- Volume of Sphere = 4/3Ï€r^3
- Volume of Right Circular Cylinder = πr^2h
- Volume of Right Circular Cone= 1/3Ï€r^2h
- Volume of Right Square Pyramid = 1/3 S^2
Density
- Density equals mass divided by volume.
- Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.
- Density is usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter.
| Metal | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|
| Aluminum | 2.70 |
| Copper | 8.94 |
| Gold | 19.3 |
| Iron | 7.86 |
| Lead | 11.34 |
| Magnesium | 1.74 |
| Silver | 10.5 |
| Tin | 5.75 |
| Zinc | 7.14 |
Specific Gravity
- Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of a substance chosen as a standard.
- Specific Gravity = density of object / density of Hâ‚‚O
Matter
- Anything that has both mass and volume.
- Matter has energy.
- Matter is all around us.
Special Properties of Matter
- Malleability refers to the property of a material to deform or change shape when subjected to compressive forces without cracking or breaking.
- Ductility is a material's ability to be drawn or stretched into thin wires without breaking
- Brittleness means that a material is easily fractured or cracked when subjected to tension or compression forces.
- Hardness measures a material's resistance to deformation, scratching, or abrasion.
- Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape.
Physical Properties
- Physical properties include color, odor, taste, texture, melting point, shape, density, freezing point, specific gravity boiling point, solubility and viscosity.
- Physical properties can be measured without changing the composition of a substance, examples include temperature, pressure, mass, volume, state, melting point, boiling point, density, color, shape of crystals.
- In physical change, the same substance is present both before and after the change.
- During a physical change, the physical state, gross shape, and size may change.
Chemical Properties
- Chemical properties describe the chemical reactions that a substance can undergo.
- Reactant atoms rearrange into different substances during chemical reactions.
- Sucrose caramelizes, then turns to carbon on heating.
Chemical Change Examples
- A cup of household bleach changes the color of a T-shirt.
- Fuels (hydrogen, oxygen) combine to lift the shuttle into space.
Physical Change Example
- An ice cube melts into water.
Intensive Properties
- Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter in a sample and include temperature, boiling point, concentration, and luster metrics.
Extensive Properties
- Extensive properties depend on how much matter a sample contains, including weight, length, volume, and entropy.
Classification of Matter Based on Shape
- The states of matter include solids, liquids, gases and plasms.
- Solids have definite shapes and volumes, with particles that are very close to each other.
- Liquids have definite volumes, take the shape of their container, molecules touching each other.
- Gases take the shape of their container and the particles are far apart.
- Bose-Einstein condensates exist at extremely low temperatures, behaving as a single particle.
- Plasmas exist at high temperatures, with atoms that are stripped of their electrons.
Classification of Matter Based on Origin
- Based on origin, matter is classified as organic and inorganic.
Classification of Matter Based on Composition
- According to composition, matter is classified as a mixture or a pure substance.
- If it is a mixture, it could be a Homogeneous mixture (solution) or a Heterogeneous Mixture
- Pure substances are compounds and elements.
Definitions of Terms
- An element is the simplest form of matter containing only one kind of atom that cannot be decomposed by ordinary means; examples are hydrogen, nitrogen, and iron.
- A compound contains two or more elements or kinds of atoms combined chemically in a definite proportion by mass that can be separated by chemical means; examples are water, salt, and sugar.
- A mixture consists of two or more substances, each substance retains their properties, and can be separated by physical means.
- A Homogenous Mixture consists of only one phase, and is uniform in properties and composition; examples are seawater, air, and soil.
- A Heterogenous Mixture has two or more phases that are recognizable; examples are blood and pizza.
Classification of Matter as Homogenous or Heterogenous
- Homogeneous Mixtures include two or more substances in the same phases.
- Heterogeneous mixtures have properties that differ from region to region within the mixture.
Examples of Homogeneous and Heterogenous Mixtures
- Blood is heterogeneous.
- Air is homogeneous.
- Apples are heterogeneous.
- Oil and Vinegar dressing is heterogeneous.
- Milk is heterogeneous.
- Filtered ocean water is homogeneous.
Energy
- Energy is the ability to do work.
- Energy can be thermal, mechanical, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, sonic, gravitational, kinetic, potential, or ionization.
Law of Conversion of Energy
- The Law of Conversion of Energy states that energy can't be created or destroyed, and it can only be transferred from one form to another.
Law of Conservation of Mass
- The Law of Conservation of Mass states that within a closed system, the total mass remains constant.
Law of Definite Composition
- The Law of Definite Composition states that a pure compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass
Law of Multiple Proportions
- The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers.
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