Klebsiella

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Questions and Answers

Match the following Staph. aureus infections with their descriptions:

Folliculitis = Inflammation of hair follicle or oil gland Furuncles = Boils, superficial Carbuncles = Large more invasive lesions, develop from multiple furuncles Impetigo = Large pustules, very contagious

Match the following bacteria with their description:

Staphylococcus aureus = Most virulent species of Staph, normal flora of Skin and Mucus membranes Streptococcus pyogenes = Colonizes upper respiratory tract, clinically significant if found

Match the following Staph. aureus virulence factors with their functions:

Enzymes = Help infection to easily spread Cytolytic toxins = Hemolysins and leucocidins Protein A = Antiphagocytic Enterotoxins = Heat-stable, cause diarrhea and vomiting

Match the following Staph. aureus syndromes with their descriptions:

<p>Food poisoning = Enterotoxins - pre-formed, ingested, heat-stable, Nausea, vomiting, cramping begin in 1-8 hours Scalded Skin Syndrome = Most common in children &lt; 5 years old, Exfoliative toxin – skin peals off in sheets Toxic Shock Syndrome = TSST-1 enterotoxin – causes low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Staph. aureus routes of infection:

<p>Trauma/abrasion = Enter normally sterile site Person-to-person = Nosocomial Ingestion = Of bacteria or toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Streptococcus pyogenes characteristics:

<p>Transmission = Person-to-person via contaminated respiratory droplets or secretions Carrier state = NOT normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following portals for Staph. aureus:

<p>Entry = Mouth or skin Exit = Saliva or skin exudates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their associated symptoms or characteristics:

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = Opportunistic pathogens causing UTI &amp; pneumonia Salmonella = Cause infections in man &amp; animals, spread through fecal-oral, contaminated food and water Shigella = Intestinal pathogen causing dysentery, no animal reservoir Escherichia coli = Most commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae, normal flora of GI</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their virulence factors:

<p>Klebsiella = Antiphagocytic Pili Salmonella = Enterotoxin Shigella = Shiga toxin Escherichia coli = Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their common cause:

<p>Salmonella Enterocolitis = Salmonella Dysentery = Shigella UTI = Escherichia coli Pneumonia = Klebsiella pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their method of spread:

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = Opportunistic infections in compromised host Salmonella = Person to person, fecal-oral, contaminated food and water Shigella = Person-to-person, fecal oral Escherichia coli = Ingestion of contaminated food/water (fecal/oral), endogenous spread, person-to-person (nosocomial)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their portal of entry or exit:

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = Intestine Salmonella = Mouth entry, feces exit Shigella = Mouth entry Escherichia coli = Mouth entry, feces exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their associated diseases:

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = UTI &amp; Pneumonia Salmonella = Enterocolitis, Bacteremia, Enteric Fevers Shigella = Dysentery Escherichia coli = Gastrointestinal infections, UTI, Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacteria with their reservoirs:

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = Intestine Salmonella = Animals, especially fowl and cold-blooded animals Shigella = Human only Escherichia coli = GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their associated conditions:

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = Commonly causes nosocomial infections Proteus spp. = Common cause of UTI and wound infection Yersinia pestis = Causes plague Vibrio cholerae = Causes cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their characteristics:

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = Normal in upper respiratory tract of 5% of population Proteus spp. = Produces swarming colonies – film of confluent growth Yersinia pestis = Transmitted via Rat flea bites, airborne droplets, ingestion of contaminated animal tissue Vibrio cholerae = Found in water, not normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their optimal growth temperature:

<p>Yersinia pestis = 25 – 30 degrees Celsius Vibrio cholerae = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their transmission routes:

<p>Yersinia pestis = Rat flea bites, airborne droplets, ingestion of contaminated animal tissue Vibrio cholerae = Ingestion of contaminated water/seafood, exposure of broken skin/mm to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their associated diseases:

<p>Yersinia pestis = Bubonic plague, Pneumonic plague Vibrio cholerae = Cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their symptoms:

<p>Bubonic plague = Acute febrile disease, lesion in lymph node, painful buboes develop, septicemia Pneumonic plague = Transmitted by infectious droplets, malaise and pulmonary signs Cholera = Acute, severe gastroenteritis, vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their treatment:

<p>Bubonic plague = Streptomycin Pneumonic plague = Streptomycin Cholera = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Vibrio cholerae strains with their associated diseases:

<p>O1 and O139 = Associated with epidemics and pandemics of cholera Non 01and 0139 = Milder form of gastroenteritis, extraintestinal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Vibrio cholerae strains with their characteristics:

<p>O1 and O139 = Produces cholera toxin, causes severe dehydration and death Non 01and 0139 = Produces no toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their associated diseases:

<p>Strep. Pyogenes = Rheumatic fever and necrotizing fasciitis Streptococcus pneumoniae = Pneumonia and meningitis Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Gonorrhea and ophthalmia neonatorium Neisseria meningitidis = Meningitis and meningococcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their virulence factors:

<p>Pyogenes = M protein Neisseria meningitidis = Capsule and pili Streptococcus pneumoniae = Capsule Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Capsule and pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their portals of entry and exit:

<p>Strep. Pyogenes = Entry: mouth or skin, Exit: saliva and respiratory droplets/aerosols or skin exudates Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Entry: eyes, genitals or any mucus membrane, Exit: vaginal secretions, semen, exudates Streptococcus pneumoniae = Entry: nose and mouth, Exit: saliva respiratory droplets and aerosols Neisseria meningitidis = Entry: mouth and nose, Exit: respiratory droplet and aerosols</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their transmission methods:

<p>Strep. Pyogenes = Inhalation Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Sexual transmission and during vaginal delivery Streptococcus pneumoniae = Person-to-person (colonizes nasopharynx) Neisseria meningitidis = Airborne respiratory droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their characteristics:

<p>Strep. Pyogenes = Gram Positive cocci Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Gram negative diplo cocci Streptococcus pneumoniae = Gram Positive cocci Neisseria meningitidis = Gram negative diplo cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Neisseria infections with their symptoms:

<p>Gonorrhea: Infection Male = Male urethritis, purulent discharge, dysuria Gonorrhea: Disseminated Infections = Purulent arthritis Gonorrhea : Infant Infections = Ophthalmia neonatorium Meningitis = Frontal headache, stiff neck, and sometimes fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their exceptions:

<p>Family Enterobacteriaceae = Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and certain strains of E. coli Neisseria = Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus = Strep. Pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Only found in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Bacterial Infections and Characteristics

  • Staph.aureus infections can be matched with their descriptions, including various types of infections and syndromes.
  • Staph.aureus virulence factors have specific functions, such as facilitating infection and immune evasion.
  • Staph.aureus syndromes, including skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory infections, and others, have distinct descriptions.
  • Routes of infection for Staph.aureus include direct contact, airborne transmission, and contaminated fomites.
  • Streptococcus pyogenes characteristics include beta-hemolytic activity, gram-positive staining, and others.
  • Portals for Staph.aureus infection include skin, respiratory tract, and urinary tract.
  • Various bacteria, including Staph.aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, are associated with specific symptoms and characteristics.
  • Bacterial virulence factors, including toxins and adhesins, contribute to disease pathogenesis.
  • Certain diseases, such as pneumonia and meningitis, have common causes, including Staph.aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Methods of spread for bacteria include direct contact, airborne transmission, and contaminated fomites.
  • Portals of entry and exit for bacteria include skin, respiratory tract, and urinary tract.
  • Bacterial reservoirs, including humans, animals, and environment, can harbor and transmit bacteria.
  • Associated conditions, including skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory infections, and others, are linked to specific bacteria.
  • Bacterial characteristics, including morphology, gram staining, and growth requirements, are used to identify and classify bacteria.
  • Optimal growth temperatures for bacteria, including mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures, vary among species.
  • Transmission routes for bacteria, including direct contact, airborne transmission, and contaminated fomites, contribute to disease spread.
  • Associated diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis, are linked to specific bacteria, such as Staph.aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Disease symptoms, including fever, cough, and others, are associated with specific bacterial infections.
  • Disease treatment, including antibiotic therapy and supportive care, depends on the type of bacterial infection.
  • Vibrio cholerae strains, including O1 and O139, are associated with specific diseases, including cholera.
  • Vibrio cholerae strains have distinct characteristics, including gram-negative staining and curved morphology.
  • Neisseria infections, including meningitis and gonorrhea, have distinct symptoms and treatment options.
  • Bacterial exceptions, including L-forms and mycoplasmas, have unique characteristics and growth requirements.

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