Kinesiology: Glenohumeral Joint Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Ball and Socket (correct)

Pivot

Plane

Hinge

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?

Teres Major (correct)

Infraspinatus

Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

Which of the following actions is performed by the middle deltoid muscle?

Extension and lateral rotation

Flexion and medial rotation

Adduction and medial rotation

Abduction (correct)

According to the convex-concave rule, what happens when a convex joint surface moves on a concave surface?

The bone rolls and glides in opposite directions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is responsible for retracting and depressing the scapula?

Lower Trapezius (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the subscapularis muscle?

Effective restraint to external rotation with arm at side (B), Ineffective restraint to external rotation with arm abducted to 90 degrees (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the rotator cuff muscles?

To provide stability to the shoulder joint (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle contributes to the anterior-lateral movement of the inferior angle of the scapula?

Serratus anterior (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum degree of passive hip flexion when the knee is extended?

80-90 degrees (C) Signup and view all the answers

During arm elevation, what is the typical ratio of glenohumeral (GH) motion to scapulothoracic (ST) motion?

2:1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which scapular motion is the primary movement observed during active arm elevation?

Upward rotation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation for hip abduction?

Capsular ligaments, adductor, and hamstring muscles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum degree of passive hip extension with an extended knee?

20 degrees (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following motions involves the scapular movement away from the vertebral column?

Protraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Anterior/posterior tipping of the scapula occurs at which joint?

AC joint (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the kinematic relationship between the lumbar spine and hip joints during sagittal plane movement?

Lumbopelvic rhythm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of Lumbopelvic rhythm is seen in activities such as extending the reaching capacity of the upper extremities?

Ipsi-directional (D) Signup and view all the answers

During phase I of scapular rotation, which muscles contribute to upward rotation of the scapula?

Upper trapezius and serratus anterior (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is NOT involved in scapulothoracic motion?

GH joint (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum degree of standing hip flexion?

80-90 degrees (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is not directly involved in scapular motion?

Latissimus dorsi (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the anterior or posterior movement of the pelvis on stationary femoral heads, offset by contra-directional Lumbopelvic rhythm?

Pelvic tilt (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding scapulothoracic motion is FALSE?

The rhomboid muscles contribute to protraction of the scapula. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor that can limit hip external rotation?

Rectus femoris muscle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can occur as a result of functionally weak hip abductor muscles or underlying pathology?

Poor pelvic stabilization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the closed-packed position of the talocrural joint?

Full dorsiflexion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the open-packed position of the subtalar joint?

Inversion and plantarflexion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the capsular pattern of the talocrural joint?

Limitation of plantarflexion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which surface is the concave surface in the talocrural joint?

Proximal, formed by the tibia, tibiofibular ligament, and fibula (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which rule applies to the subtalar joint?

Opposite direction rule (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament prevents further motion at the SC joint during scapular elevation?

Costoclavicular ligament (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary movement allowed by the humeroradial articulation?

No physiological movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is responsible for elbow extension and locking the extension?

Anconeus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the brachioradialis muscle?

Elbow flexion in neutral position (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

Biceps brachii (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the arthrokinematic motion of the humeroulnar joint during elbow flexion?

Rolling of the olecranon process of ulna inside the olecranon fossa (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary movement allowed by the radioulnar joint?

Supination and pronation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ligaments reinforces the proximal radioulnar articulation?

Interosseous ligament (B), Annular ligament (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for supination of the forearm?

Supinator (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the arthrokinematic motion of the radioulnar joint during pronation?

Sliding of the head of radius on capitulum of humerus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joint Kinematics

Joint kinematics describes the movement of bones in space during physiological joint motion.
Kinematic chains involve a series of rigid links interconnected by joints, categorized as open or closed.
Open kinematic chains allow individual joint movement independently, while closed chains create a fixed system requiring simultaneous movement at multiple joints.
Knee flexion in a closed kinematic chain is accompanied by hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion; in an open chain, it may occur independently.

Learning Outcomes

Explain various kinematic chains and the different types of movements they exhibit.
Describe arthrokinematics and osteokinematics of upper and lower limb joints along with axial skeleton joints.
Expound on linear and rotational motions.
Understand the range of motion (ROM) limitations and factors influencing a joint's movement capabilities.
Define normal and pathological ROM with their associated causes.

Kinematic Chain

Kinematic chains, in the engineering sense, are composed of a series of rigid links that are interconnected by a series of pin-centered joints.
The kinematic chain can be open or closed. In an open kinematic chain, one joint can move independently of others in the chain.
When one end of the chain remains fixed, it creates a closed system or closed kinematic chain.
Movement at one joint in a closed chain automatically creates movement in other joints in the chain.

Arthrokinematics & Osteokinematics

Arthrokinematics refers to the specific movements of joint surfaces relative to each other during a primary motion.
Osteokinematics refers to the movement of the bones in space
Joint surface shapes (e.g., convex or concave) influence the combined rolling and sliding motion during movement.

Range of Motion (ROM)

The normal range of motion (ROM) of a joint is determined by factors such as joint surface shape, joint capsule, ligaments, muscle bulk, and surrounding musculotendinous and bony structures.
Some joints have no bony restrictions, limiting ROM through soft tissue structures (e.g., knee).
Other joints have defined bony restrictions (e.g., humeroulnar joint at elbow).
End-feel is the sensation experienced by the examiner during passive movements at each joint.
Pathological ROM results when motion exceeds or fails to reach normal anatomic limits; leading to hypermobility or hypomobility. A contracture (shortening of soft tissues) is a cause of hypomobility.

Ranges of Motion Summary

Summarized details regarding the range of joint motions for the shoulder.
A summary of joint movement limitations and factors for the hip, presented in degree measurements.
A summary of joint movement limitations and factors for the elbow, presented in degree measurements.
A summary of joint movement limitations and factors for the wrist, presented in degree measurements.
A summary of joint movement limitations and factors for the knee, presented in degree measurements.

Shoulder Complex

The shoulder complex includes the glenohumeral joint.
A synovial joint allowing mobility at the expense of stability.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles

Multiple muscles contribute to upper limb movement: including trapezius, serratus anterior and many more.
Summarizes muscles and their associated functions in a concise manner, providing a comprehensive understanding of their roles.

Elbow Complex

The elbow is a hinge joint.
Summarizes muscles and their associated actions for elbow flexion and extension, in a clear, concise way.

Wrist Motion & Kinematics

Describes the motions at the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, occurring concurrently during flexion/extension movements, resulting in a total range of motion of approximately 85 degrees in each direction.
Identifies the arthrokinematic mechanisms (sliding and rolling) at the relevant joints.
Defines the axis of wrist flexion/extension as the transverse axis of the capitate.

Knee Joint

Provides a detailed description of the bony structures important to the knee joint.
Detailing different aspects of the knee joint, including the bones, ligaments, and related structures.

Screw Home Mechanism

Describes the rotational movement between the tibia and femur at the end of knee extension and the tightening of the cruciate ligaments to lock the knee, for an optimal stability posture.
The mechanism is a crucial factor in maintaining the overall stability and integrity of the knee joint.

Foot and Ankle Anatomy

Describes the osseous structure of the foot.
Discusses the anatomical components of the ankle and foot, including the tarsal, metatarsal, and phalangeal bones, alongside the relevant articulations.

Foot Arches

Provides detailed description on the longitudinal, lateral, and transverse arches of the foot, including their bony components, supporting structures, functions, and their contributions to efficient foot loading.

Spine Anatomy

Describes the structural components of the spine.

Intervertebral Disc Structure

Details the structure and components that create vertebral mobility, including nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and vertebral end plate.

Spinal Ligaments and Capsule

Details the composition and role of spinal ligaments and capsule, emphasizing the variability between spinal regions.

Spinal Motion and Stability

Discusses the degrees of freedom in spinal motion and factors influencing spinal stability.

Face Joint Significance

Emphasizes the significance of facet joint orientation in achieving spinal motions via directional characteristics within different regions of the spine.

Coupling of Motions

Defines how obligatory spinal motions(translations and rotations) accompany the primary movement. Key movements within each axis or plane associated with the force producing the principal (primary) movement.

instantaneous axis of rotation

Discusses the concept of an instantaneous axis of rotation as the axis perpendicular to the plane of motion that passes through points within or outside the body, remaining static during the movement.

Cervical Spine

Details the significance, characteristics, and range of motions specifically applicable to the cervical spine.

Thoracic Spine

Describes the significance, characteristics, and range of motions associated with the thoracic spine.

Lumbopelvic Rhythm and Motion

Provides a detailed description on the motion and stability mechanisms of the lumbopelvic region of the spine.

Pelvic and Femoral Joint Movement

Describes how femoral and pelvic motions depend upon functional capabilities of lumbar spine regions.

Hip Stabilization

Explains how hip stabilization relates to anatomical structures surrounding the hip joint.

Knee and Spinal Stability and Articulations

Provides descriptions of the knee and other joints in the body's musculo-skeletal structure, pertaining to stability and articulation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the glenohumeral joint and its relationship with the rotator cuff muscles in this quiz. You'll explore joint types, muscle functions, and the biomechanics of arm movements. Perfect for students studying kinesiology or physical therapy.