16 Questions
What is kinematics?
A branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion
What type of motion is described by osteokinematics?
Motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body
What is the difference between open and closed kinetic chain?
Open chain: distal segment can rotate against a fixed proximal segment; Closed chain: proximal segment can rotate against a fixed distal segment
What type of joint motion involves rolling and gliding in the same direction?
When a concave surface moves on a convex surface
What determines the type of motion that occurs in a joint?
The congruency of the joint surfaces
What is a characteristic of a hinge joint?
Allows rotations around the transversal axis of the joint
What is the movement axis in a sliding joint?
There is no movement axis
What type of joint motion involves a combination of rolling and gliding in opposite directions?
When a convex surface moves on a concave surface
Which type of motion involves the proximal segment rotating against the relatively fixed distal segment?
Closed kinetic chain
What is the primary factor that determines whether joint motion involves more sliding or more rolling?
Joint congruency
In which type of joint motion do the concave and convex surfaces move in opposite directions?
Roll
Which type of joint allows rotations around the longitudinal axis of the bone?
Pivot joint
What is the relationship between the direction of osteokinematic motion and the direction of rolling and gliding in a joint?
They always occur in the same direction
What is the characteristic of joint motion that occurs when the concave surface moves on a convex surface?
Rolling and gliding in the same direction
Which type of joint motion can be produced voluntarily in isolation?
Osteokinematic motion
What is the plane of motion in which there is no movement axis?
Sliding
Study Notes
Kinematic Principles of Joint Movement
- Kinematics: branch of mechanics that describes motion of a body without regard to forces or torques that produce the motion.
Osteokinematics
- Motion of bones relative to three cardinal planes of the body:
- Sagittal
- Frontal
- Horizontal
Arthrokinematics
- Describes motion that occurs between articular surfaces of joints:
- Roll
- Glide
- Spin
- Traction
- Compression
Kinetic Chain
- Open kinetic chain: distal segment can rotate against relatively fixed proximal segment.
- Closed kinetic chain: proximal segment can rotate against relatively fixed distal segment.
Joint Congruency
- Measures how well joint surfaces match/fit:
- More congruent: more sliding
- More incongruent: more rolling
Concave and Convex Rule
- Concave surface moves on convex surface (B):
- Rolling and gliding in same direction as osteokinematic
- Convex surface moves on concave surface (A):
- Rolling and gliding in opposite directions
- Rolling goes same direction as osteokinematic
Joint Types
- Plane joint:
- No movement axis
- Sliding movements in all directions
- Hinge joint:
- Allows rotations around transversal axis of joint
- Pivot joint:
- Allows rotations around longitudinal axis of bone
Learn about the principles of kinematics, including osteokinematics and arthrokinematics, and how they describe the motion of bones and joints in the human body.
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