Kinematic Chains and Muscle Actions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle shortens while producing force?

  • Eccentric
  • Concentric (correct)
  • Isokinetic
  • Isometric

Which phase of gait is characterized by the distal segment moving freely?

  • Stance phase
  • Swing phase (correct)
  • Midstance phase
  • Initial contact phase

What is the primary characteristic of isokinetic muscle contractions?

  • Variable speed muscle action
  • Constant speed muscle action (correct)
  • Muscle shortening with no change in tension
  • Muscle elongation under load

What does the term osteokinematics specifically refer to?

<p>Movement between bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens while producing force?

<p>Eccentric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What direction does the distal concave move relative to the proximal convex during radial adduction?

<p>Same direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glide is associated with radial abduction?

<p>Radial glide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glide corresponds with palmar abduction?

<p>Dorsal glide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the first digit indicate during first-digit flexion?

<p>Ulnar roll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movement occurs when the first digit creates a 'V' formation with the second digit?

<p>Abduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During first-digit extension, which side does the first digit point towards?

<p>Radial side (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is involved during palmar adduction relative to the glide type?

<p>Volar glide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the first digit during first-digit adduction?

<p>It moves towards the palm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the direction of roll and slide at the first digit joint during flexion and extension?

<p>Both are concave on convex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which position is it advisable to perform joint mobilizations?

<p>Loose packed position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grades of mobilization are appropriate when pain or muscle guarding is present?

<p>Grade I or II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Grade III mobilization?

<p>Slow, large-amplitude motion in the middle to end of available range (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a pathological end feel?

<p>Empty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint movement occurs during the first digit's abduction and adduction?

<p>Roll and slide in opposite directions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a soft end feel?

<p>Soft tissue approximation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of identifying end feels during assessment?

<p>To differentiate between normal and pathological resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during roll motion in a joint?

<p>One joint surface rolls on another in a certain direction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two surfaces engage in glide motion, how do they move?

<p>One surface slides over another in a translatory motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a concave surface is moving on a convex surface, in which direction does the slide occur?

<p>In the same direction as the roll. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of joint mechanics, what does the term 'spin' refer to?

<p>Rotation of a movable joint component. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During shoulder abduction, how do the roll and slide motions occur?

<p>Roll occurs superiorly while slide occurs inferiorly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of a concave surface in joint mechanics?

<p>It glides in the same direction as the roll movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic associated with concave surfaces during joint mechanics?

<p>Concave equals same. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the thumb classified as?

<p>Saddle joint. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the glide motion differ from roll motion in joint mechanics?

<p>Glide is purely translatory while roll involves rotation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you expect both roll and slide to occur anteriorly?

<p>During elbow flexion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Open Kinetic Chain (OKC)

Movement where the distal segment is not fixed and moves freely.

Concentric Contraction

Muscle shortens while producing force.

Eccentric Contraction

Muscle lengthens while producing force.

Isometric Contraction

Muscle length remains the same while producing force.

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Osteokinematics

Movement between bones.

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Radial adduction (flexion)

Movement of the forearm where the radius moves toward the ulna.

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Radial abduction (extension)

Movement of the forearm where the radius moves away from the ulna.

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Palmar adduction

Movement of the fingers/hand where the distal part moves towards the palm.

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Palmar abduction

Movement of the fingers/hand where the distal part moves away from the palm.

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Concave-on-convex

Movement where the distal concave surface moves on the proximal convex surface, the movement is in the same direction.

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Convex-on-concave

This movement happens when the distal convex surface moves on the proximal concave surface, the movement is opposite.

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First Digit Flexion (FLX)

Movement of the first digit (thumb) towards the ulnar side of the arm.

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First Digit Extension (EXT)

Movement of the first digit (thumb) towards the radial side of the arm.

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Roll (arthrokinematics)

One joint surface rolling on another in a specific direction.

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Glide (arthrokinematics)

Pure translation of one surface gliding on another within a joint.

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Spin (arthrokinematics)

Rotation of a joint component.

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Concave

Hollowed or rounded inward.

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Convex

Curved or rounded outward.

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Concave-on-convex rule

Glide occurs in the same direction as roll when the moving surface is concave.

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Convex-on-concave rule

Glide occurs in the opposite direction as roll when the moving surface is convex.

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Arthrokinematics

The relationship between osteokinematics and the joint surfaces' interactions.

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Thumb Joint type

Saddle joint, with two planes of movement.

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FLX and EXT first digit

Both concave on convex, causing roll and slide in the same direction.

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ABD and ADD first digit

Both convex on concave, resulting in roll and slide in opposite directions.

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Resting/Loose-packed Position

Minimal surface contact, maximal joint play; suitable for joint mobilization.

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Closed Position

Maximum surface contact, maximal tension; unsuitable for joint mobilization.

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Mobilization Grades (I-V)

Differentiated by speed and amplitude of movement, targeting specific tissue resistance.

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Grade I Mobilization

Small-amplitude, slow movement at the beginning of ROM (range of motion).

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Hard End Feel

End feel due to bone or cartilage; example: elbow extension.

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Soft End Feel

End feel due to soft tissue approximation; example: elbow flexion.

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Study Notes

Kinematic Chains

  • Example of open kinetic chain (OKC): stance phase of gait
  • Distal segment moves freely
  • Example of closed kinetic chain: swing phase of gait

Muscle Actions

  • Isometric: no change in muscle length
  • Isotonic: change in muscle length, constant force/tension
    • Concentric: muscle shortens, producing force (e.g., lifting)
    • Eccentric: muscle lengthens, producing force (e.g., lowering)
    • Isokinetic: constant velocity, requires special equipment

Joint Motions

  • Osteokinematics: movement between bones
  • Arthrokinematics: movement between joint surfaces

Joint Arthrokinematics

  • Roll: one joint surface rolling on another
  • Glide/Slide: pure translational motion of one surface gliding on another
  • Spin: rotation of a joint component

Convex-Concave Rule

  • Concave on convex: glide occurs in same direction as the roll (e.g., elbow flexion)
  • Convex on concave: glide occurs in opposite direction of the roll (e.g., shoulder abduction)
  • Thumb is a saddle joint, movement occurs in multiple planes
    • radial adduction (flexion)= ulnar glide
    • radial abduction (extension)= radial glide
    • palmar adduction = volar (anterior) glide
    • palmar abduction = dorsal (posterior) glide

Open and Closed Packed Positions

  • Open-packed (resting): low surface contact, high joint play
  • Closed-packed: maximum surface contact, high tension
  • Avoid joint mobilization in closed-packed position

Range of Motion Limitations

  • Grades I-II: pain or muscle guarding present
  • Grades III-IV: no pain present
  • Grade I: slow, small-amplitude motion at beginning of range
  • Grade II: slow, large-amplitude motion within range
  • Grade III: slow, large-amplitude motion in middle to end of available range
  • Grade IV: slow, small-amplitude motion at limit of available range
  • Grade V: high-velocity, small amplitude thrust at end of range

End Feels

  • Normal End Feels: categorized by cause (bone/cartilage, soft tissue, capsular, ligamentous, muscle spasm)
  • Pathological End Feels: characterized by the presence of abnormal resistance or movement (e.g., edema, bony obstruction, etc)

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Description

Test your knowledge on kinematic chains and muscle actions in biomechanics. This quiz covers topics like open and closed kinetic chains, joint motions, and the concave-convex rule. Enhance your understanding of muscle contractions and how joints move during various activities.

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