Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle shortens while producing force?
What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle shortens while producing force?
Which phase of gait is characterized by the distal segment moving freely?
Which phase of gait is characterized by the distal segment moving freely?
What is the primary characteristic of isokinetic muscle contractions?
What is the primary characteristic of isokinetic muscle contractions?
What does the term osteokinematics specifically refer to?
What does the term osteokinematics specifically refer to?
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Which type of contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens while producing force?
Which type of contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens while producing force?
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What direction does the distal concave move relative to the proximal convex during radial adduction?
What direction does the distal concave move relative to the proximal convex during radial adduction?
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Which type of glide is associated with radial abduction?
Which type of glide is associated with radial abduction?
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Which glide corresponds with palmar abduction?
Which glide corresponds with palmar abduction?
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What does the first digit indicate during first-digit flexion?
What does the first digit indicate during first-digit flexion?
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What movement occurs when the first digit creates a 'V' formation with the second digit?
What movement occurs when the first digit creates a 'V' formation with the second digit?
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During first-digit extension, which side does the first digit point towards?
During first-digit extension, which side does the first digit point towards?
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Which mechanism is involved during palmar adduction relative to the glide type?
Which mechanism is involved during palmar adduction relative to the glide type?
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What happens to the first digit during first-digit adduction?
What happens to the first digit during first-digit adduction?
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What determines the direction of roll and slide at the first digit joint during flexion and extension?
What determines the direction of roll and slide at the first digit joint during flexion and extension?
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In which position is it advisable to perform joint mobilizations?
In which position is it advisable to perform joint mobilizations?
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Which grades of mobilization are appropriate when pain or muscle guarding is present?
Which grades of mobilization are appropriate when pain or muscle guarding is present?
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What characterizes a Grade III mobilization?
What characterizes a Grade III mobilization?
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Which of the following is considered a pathological end feel?
Which of the following is considered a pathological end feel?
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What type of joint movement occurs during the first digit's abduction and adduction?
What type of joint movement occurs during the first digit's abduction and adduction?
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What is the primary characteristic of a soft end feel?
What is the primary characteristic of a soft end feel?
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What is the main purpose of identifying end feels during assessment?
What is the main purpose of identifying end feels during assessment?
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What happens during roll motion in a joint?
What happens during roll motion in a joint?
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When two surfaces engage in glide motion, how do they move?
When two surfaces engage in glide motion, how do they move?
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If a concave surface is moving on a convex surface, in which direction does the slide occur?
If a concave surface is moving on a convex surface, in which direction does the slide occur?
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In the context of joint mechanics, what does the term 'spin' refer to?
In the context of joint mechanics, what does the term 'spin' refer to?
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During shoulder abduction, how do the roll and slide motions occur?
During shoulder abduction, how do the roll and slide motions occur?
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Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of a concave surface in joint mechanics?
Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of a concave surface in joint mechanics?
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What is the mnemonic associated with concave surfaces during joint mechanics?
What is the mnemonic associated with concave surfaces during joint mechanics?
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Which type of joint is the thumb classified as?
Which type of joint is the thumb classified as?
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How does the glide motion differ from roll motion in joint mechanics?
How does the glide motion differ from roll motion in joint mechanics?
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In which scenario would you expect both roll and slide to occur anteriorly?
In which scenario would you expect both roll and slide to occur anteriorly?
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Study Notes
Kinematic Chains
- Example of open kinetic chain (OKC): stance phase of gait
- Distal segment moves freely
- Example of closed kinetic chain: swing phase of gait
Muscle Actions
- Isometric: no change in muscle length
-
Isotonic: change in muscle length, constant force/tension
- Concentric: muscle shortens, producing force (e.g., lifting)
- Eccentric: muscle lengthens, producing force (e.g., lowering)
- Isokinetic: constant velocity, requires special equipment
Joint Motions
- Osteokinematics: movement between bones
- Arthrokinematics: movement between joint surfaces
Joint Arthrokinematics
- Roll: one joint surface rolling on another
- Glide/Slide: pure translational motion of one surface gliding on another
- Spin: rotation of a joint component
Convex-Concave Rule
- Concave on convex: glide occurs in same direction as the roll (e.g., elbow flexion)
- Convex on concave: glide occurs in opposite direction of the roll (e.g., shoulder abduction)
- Thumb is a saddle joint, movement occurs in multiple planes
- radial adduction (flexion)= ulnar glide
- radial abduction (extension)= radial glide
- palmar adduction = volar (anterior) glide
- palmar abduction = dorsal (posterior) glide
Open and Closed Packed Positions
- Open-packed (resting): low surface contact, high joint play
- Closed-packed: maximum surface contact, high tension
- Avoid joint mobilization in closed-packed position
Range of Motion Limitations
- Grades I-II: pain or muscle guarding present
- Grades III-IV: no pain present
- Grade I: slow, small-amplitude motion at beginning of range
- Grade II: slow, large-amplitude motion within range
- Grade III: slow, large-amplitude motion in middle to end of available range
- Grade IV: slow, small-amplitude motion at limit of available range
- Grade V: high-velocity, small amplitude thrust at end of range
End Feels
- Normal End Feels: categorized by cause (bone/cartilage, soft tissue, capsular, ligamentous, muscle spasm)
- Pathological End Feels: characterized by the presence of abnormal resistance or movement (e.g., edema, bony obstruction, etc)
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Description
Test your knowledge on kinematic chains and muscle actions in biomechanics. This quiz covers topics like open and closed kinetic chains, joint motions, and the concave-convex rule. Enhance your understanding of muscle contractions and how joints move during various activities.
