Kinase-Linked Receptors in RTK Activation and Signalling Quiz

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What is the primary role of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

Regulating cell migration
Controlling angiogenesis
Converting extracellular signals to intracellular responses (correct)
Inducing apoptosis

How does deregulation of tyrosine kinases (TKs) impact cell signaling?

Enhances immune destruction
Turns the on/off switch to 'off'
Decreases signal transduction
Leads to constitutive activation of signals (correct)

What is the main consequence of evading immune destruction through retroviral oncogenes hijacking normal genes?

Enhanced immune recognition
Normal gene regulation
Gene deletion
Uncontrolled signaling due to mutations (correct)

Which type of phosphorylation event is predominant among substrate proteins?

Tyrosine phosphorylation (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) classified based on their structure?

By extracellular domains (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human genome is comprised of protein kinases?

2% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of protein kinases?

To add a phosphate group to proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the catalytic domain of tyrosine kinases?

It has a deep catalytic cleft (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

To transduce extracellular signals into intracellular signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of oncogenes are tyrosine kinases?

30% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative abundance of tyrosine phosphorylation compared to serine phosphorylation?

0.05% as common (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the extracellular domain in RTKs?

Ligand binding (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the juxta-membrane domain in RTKs?

Ligand binding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ligand-mediated dimerisation of RTKs?

Close apposition of 2 RTK molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a growth factor that activates RTKs?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the activation loop in RTK activation?

To phosphorylate the activation loop on the partner RTK (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of phosphorylating regulatory tyrosine residues in RTKs?

Removal of kinase inhibition (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the TK domain in tyrosine kinase-linked receptors?

Activation and phosphorylation of non-RTKs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of associated non-RTKs in the RTK activation paradigm?

They activate the TK domain (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a substrate of RTKs?

Protein A (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the PTB domain in RTK signaling?

Mediation of RTK-substrate interaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do GF/cytokine receptors lacking intrinsic kinase domains become activated?

They rely on non-covalently associated non-receptor TKs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ligand binding in the RTK activation paradigm?

Receptor dimerisation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of kinases in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

Kinases are responsible for phosphorylating substrates, which regulates their function in RTKs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of KINASE-LINKED RECEPTORS?

They are large in number and function as ion channels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional difference between intrinsic and linked kinases in the context of kinase-linked receptors?

Intrinsic kinases are part of the receptor's intracellular domain, while linked kinases are distinct cytoplasmic or non-receptor kinases (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are receptor tyrosine kinases currently the pharmaceutical industry's most popular drug target?

They are involved in several pathophysiological processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes does phosphorylation NOT regulate?

Transcription of DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do multicellular organisms use cell-to-cell communication mechanisms?

Through interactions between extracellular molecules (ligands) and cell surface receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers