Week 10- renal physiology

1. Regulation of ions in blood. (filters blood) 2. Regulation of blood volume 3. Regulation of blood pH 4. Production of hormones 5. Excretion of waste

Erythropoietin and renin

Helps regulate red blood cell production

<p>Helps regular blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys regulate the total volume of water in the body and total concentration solutes in that water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Filters blood</li> <li>Produces urine</li> <li>Blood pH, volume, and pressure homeostasis</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>renal veins = drains blood from kidneys renal arteries = supplies blood to kidneys Ureters = transports urine to bladder Urethra = excretes urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>renal hilum (opening) = beginning of ureters bladder = stores urine adrenal gland = function is unrelated to kidneys calyces = collect urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal fascia = 1 Perirenal fat capsule = 2 Fibrous capsule = 3 nil = nil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal fascia = an outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney and the adrenal gland to surrounding structures Perirenal fat capsule = surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows Fibrous capsule = A transparent capusle that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney nil = nil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 = renal cortex 2 = renal medulla 3 = renal pelvis 4 = ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 = calyces collect urine 2 = urine drains continuously from the papillae, and empty it into the renal pelvis 3 = urine is stored in bladder via the flow through the renal pelvis and into the ureter 4 = peristalsis of caylces, pelvis, and ureter walls to propel urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gluconeogenesis- biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>renal, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>renal, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cortical, arcuate, interlobar, renal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a variable network of autonomic nerve fibers and ganglia, provides the nerve supply of the kidney and its ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate renal blood flow by adjusting the diameter of renal arterioles and also influence the formation of urine by the nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medullary pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla. The medulla has triangular regions known as the medullary pyramids. The renal hilum is the entrance for the renal artery and renal vein, and the exit for the ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The renal arteries, which branch form the aorta, supply the kidneys with blood. The renal veins return filtered blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ureters are muscular ducts that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They connect the renal pelvis of each kidney to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The renal corpuscle is located in the renal cortex. It consists of a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus and a cup-shape structure called the glomerular capsule (bowman’s capsule). It serves as the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is the functional unit of the kidneys that are responsible for the formation of urine. It is comprised of a renal corpuscle, for filtration, and a renal tubule for reabsorption and secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood is filtered through the capillary walls of the glomerulus, and the filtrate is collected in the Bowman’s capsule. This forms the first step in the process of urine formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reabsorbs water in the descending limb and reabsorbs ions (sodium and chloride) in the ascending limb, which creates a concentration gradient in the renal medulla that facilitates urine concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for the reabsorption for the majority of the filtrate’s water, ions, and solutes. The distal convoluted tubule primarily regulates the reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions, and also adjusts the final concentration of the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 = Distal convoluted tubule 2 = Proximal convoluted tubule 3 = Nephron loop 4 = Collecting duct</p> Signup and view all the answers