40 Questions
What are 5 main functions of the Kidneys?
- Regulation of ions in blood. (filters blood) 2. Regulation of blood volume 3. Regulation of blood pH 4. Production of hormones 5. Excretion of waste
What 2 hormones do the kidneys produce?
Erythropoietin and renin
What is the importance of Erythropoietin?
Helps regulate red blood cell production
What is the importance of renin?
Helps regular blood pressure
What is a function of the kidneys related to water concentration
The kidneys regulate the total volume of water in the body and total concentration solutes in that water
What are the 3 function components of the Kidney?
- Filters blood
- Produces urine
- Blood pH, volume, and pressure homeostasis
Match each component to its function
renal veins = drains blood from kidneys renal arteries = supplies blood to kidneys Ureters = transports urine to bladder Urethra = excretes urine
Match each component to its importance
renal hilum (opening) = beginning of ureters bladder = stores urine adrenal gland = function is unrelated to kidneys calyces = collect urine
List the layers of supportive tissue, that surround each kidney, from superficial to deep
Renal fascia = 1 Perirenal fat capsule = 2 Fibrous capsule = 3 nil = nil
Match the function to its supportive tissue
Renal fascia = an outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney and the adrenal gland to surrounding structures Perirenal fat capsule = surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows Fibrous capsule = A transparent capusle that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney nil = nil
Match
1 = renal cortex 2 = renal medulla 3 = renal pelvis 4 = ureter
Put these in order of occurance
1 = calyces collect urine 2 = urine drains continuously from the papillae, and empty it into the renal pelvis 3 = urine is stored in bladder via the flow through the renal pelvis and into the ureter 4 = peristalsis of caylces, pelvis, and ureter walls to propel urine
How do the kidneys assist during periods of starvation
Gluconeogenesis- biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates
What is the functional unit of the kidneys?
A nephron
List the 5 arteries in sequential order: interlobar, cortical, segmental, renal, arcuate
renal, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical
Name the 5 arteries, after the aorta, in sequential order
renal, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical
List in sequential order, the veins that blood return via to reach the inferior vena cave
cortical, arcuate, interlobar, renal
What is the renal plexus?
a variable network of autonomic nerve fibers and ganglia, provides the nerve supply of the kidney and its ureter
What role do sympathetic vasomotor fibers play?
They regulate renal blood flow by adjusting the diameter of renal arterioles and also influence the formation of urine by the nephron
Which vein drains deoxygenated blood from the kidneys?
Portal vein
The renal arteries branch directly from the:
Aorta
Which of the following structures is not found in the renal hilum?
Glomerulus
The triangular regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by the renal columns are the:
Medullary pyramids
The tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder is the:
Ureter
The renal plexus is primarily associated with which type of nervous system activity?
Autonomic
The renal corpuscle is located in which part of the kidney?
Renal cortex
Briefly describe the gross anatomy of the kidney
It is divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla. The medulla has triangular regions known as the medullary pyramids. The renal hilum is the entrance for the renal artery and renal vein, and the exit for the ureter
Explain the broad function of the renal arteries and veins in the urinary system
The renal arteries, which branch form the aorta, supply the kidneys with blood. The renal veins return filtered blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava
Discuss the role of the ureters in the urinary system
The ureters are muscular ducts that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They connect the renal pelvis of each kidney to the bladder
What is the renal corpuscle, and what role does it play in the urinary system?
The renal corpuscle is located in the renal cortex. It consists of a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus and a cup-shape structure called the glomerular capsule (bowman’s capsule). It serves as the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.
What is the function unit of the kidney called?
Nephron
The main function of the proximal convoluted tubule is:
Reabsorption
Describe the function and structure of a Nephron?
Is the functional unit of the kidneys that are responsible for the formation of urine. It is comprised of a renal corpuscle, for filtration, and a renal tubule for reabsorption and secretion.
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for concentrating the urine?
Loop of Henle
The thin segment of the loop of Henle is permeable to which of the following?
Water
The renal papillae drain into:
The ureter
Discuss the importance of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule in the renal corpuscle
Blood is filtered through the capillary walls of the glomerulus, and the filtrate is collected in the Bowman’s capsule. This forms the first step in the process of urine formation
Explain the role of the Loop of Henle in the concentration of urine
It reabsorbs water in the descending limb and reabsorbs ions (sodium and chloride) in the ascending limb, which creates a concentration gradient in the renal medulla that facilitates urine concentration
Discuss the functions of the proximal and distal and convoluted tubules
The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for the reabsorption for the majority of the filtrate’s water, ions, and solutes. The distal convoluted tubule primarily regulates the reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions, and also adjusts the final concentration of the urine
Match
1 = Distal convoluted tubule 2 = Proximal convoluted tubule 3 = Nephron loop 4 = Collecting duct
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