How Do the Kidneys Work?

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the entire blood supply can the kidneys hold at any time?

30%
15%
10%
22% (correct)

How much blood can flow through the kidneys per minute?

1 liter per minute
1.1 liters per minute (correct)
0.5 liters per minute
2 liters per minute

What is the purpose of the kidneys in regulating the body's functions?

To aid in digestion
To regulate body temperature
To produce hormones
To maintain a stable pH and osmolality of the blood (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Digestion of food (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of ions or particles in a solution?

Osmolality (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidneys?

Renal vein (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the waste products produced by cells in the body?

Waste products (D) Signup and view all the answers

How often does the entire blood supply pass through the kidneys?

Within 5 minutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the renal veins?

To reabsorb nutrients back into the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first function of the kidneys?

Filtration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the single functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of the kidney?

Renal cortex (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle part of the kidney?

Renal medulla (B) Signup and view all the answers

What collects the urine in the first place?

Renal calyx (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central area where the renal calyces collect together?

Renal pelvis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the place where tubes or vessels come out of the kidney?

Hilum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the tube that carries urine away from the kidneys?

Ureter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the kidneys in terms of homeostasis?

Maintenance of pH balance in the blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for both filtration and collection?

Nephron (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between salt intake and blood pressure, according to the kidneys' role in homeostasis?

High salt intake increases blood pressure, and the kidneys regulate it by excreting sodium and chloride ions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that contains the nephron?

Kidney (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main waste products that the kidneys excrete?

Urea (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maintenance of the status quo in the body?

Homeostasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the plural form of the term for the place where tubes or vessels come out of the kidney?

Hila (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vessel that comes out of the renal hilum?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall purpose of the kidneys' function in terms of waste excretion?

To excrete waste products (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Function and Structure

The kidneys can hold around 22% of the entire blood supply at any given time, with a blood flow rate of approximately 1.1 liters per minute.
In a normal person with 5 liters of blood, all of the blood is filtered through the kidneys within 5 minutes.

Blood Flow and Filtration

Blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery and exits through the ureters.
The blood is filtered, and the filtrate is processed and reabsorbed into the renal vein.

Kidney Functions

The two main functions of the kidneys are filtration and collection.
Filtration involves removing waste products and excess ions, amino acids, and glucose from the blood.
Collection involves reabsorbing important molecules and ions back into the blood.

Nephron Structure and Function

The nephron is the single functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtration and collection.
The nephron is located in both the renal cortex (outer layer) and renal medulla (inner layer) of the kidney.
The nephron "dances" between the cortex and medulla, reabsorbing important molecules and ions or allowing waste to be collected into urine.

Urine Collection and Excretion

Urine collection begins in the renal calyx, which meets with other calyces to form the renal pelvis.
The renal pelvis collects urine, which then exits the kidney through the ureter.

Anatomical Structure

The kidney has a renal hilum, where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter meet.
The renal cortex is the outer shell of the kidney, while the renal medulla is the inner layer.

Importance of Kidney Function

The kidneys maintain homeostasis by regulating pH, blood pressure, osmolality, and excreting waste products.
The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health and function.

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Description

Explore the fascinating functions of the kidneys, including their ability to filter the blood supply and their role in overall health. This quiz delves into the basics of kidney function and more.