Kidney Function and Regulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) approximately per day?

  • 360 liters
  • 540 liters
  • 180 liters (correct)
  • 90 liters

What does proteinuria indicate?

  • Retention of sodium in the body
  • Normal kidney function
  • Excess glucose in the urine
  • Presence of protein in the urine (correct)

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood pressure by retaining sodium?

  • Renin
  • Epinephrine
  • Angiotensin I
  • Aldosterone (correct)

What happens if the flow rate of blood through the kidneys is too high?

<p>The body loses water and nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs first in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) when blood pressure drops?

<p>Renin is released from specialized cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?

<p>Filtration of blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtered substances?

<p>Bowman's capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of blood flow after it exits the efferent arteriole?

<p>Efferent arteriole → Peritubular capillaries → Renal vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of water and small solutes from the blood into Bowman's capsule?

<p>Glomerular filtration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Loop of Henle play in urine formation?

<p>Concentrates urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Afferent Arteriole

The larger blood vessel carrying blood into the glomerulus.

Efferent Arteriole

The smaller blood vessel carrying blood out of the glomerulus.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

The amount of fluid filtered by both kidneys each day, ~180 liters.

Proteinuria

Protein in the urine, indicating potential kidney damage.

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Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

A system that regulates blood pressure and GFR.

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Angiotensin II

A hormone that raises blood pressure.

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Aldosterone

Hormone that controls sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.

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Glucosuria

Glucose in the urine, often indicative of diabetes.

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Normal Daily Urine Output

Between 720 and 2400 ml.

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High Blood Pressure and Kidney Damage

Uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause kidney damage and kidney failure.

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Renal artery function

Carries blood to the kidneys, branching into smaller arteries.

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Renal vein function

Carries blood away from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.

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Nephrons

The functional units of the kidneys, responsible for filtering blood and making urine.

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Afferent arteriole

Brings blood to the glomerulus.

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Efferent arteriole

Carries blood away from the glomerulus, heading to peritubular capillaries.

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Glomerulus

A cluster of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule, where filtration begins.

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Bowman's capsule

Encloses the glomerulus, collecting the filtered fluid.

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Renal corpuscle

The beginning of a nephron, containing the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

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Renal tubule

Series of tubes after the glomerulus, where reabsorption and secretion occur.

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Loop of Henle

Part of the renal tubule, crucial for urine concentration.

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Glomerular filtration

The first step of urine formation, where water and small solutes leave the blood.

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Tubular reabsorption

The process of reabsorbing water and solutes back into the blood.

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Tubular secretion

Secreting waste products from the blood into the renal tubules.

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