Kidney Function and ADH Regulation

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the production of ADH as the water potential of the blood increases?

It decreases. (correct)

It stays the same.

It fluctuates dramatically.

It increases.

What effect does less ADH have on the collecting duct?

It loses more water by osmosis.

It produces more urine.

It becomes more permeable.

It becomes less permeable. (correct)

What is the primary role of dialysis tubing in the dialysis machine?

To generate electricity.

To maintain body temperature during the process.

To allow small molecules to diffuse. (correct)

To allow large proteins to pass through.

Why is fresh dialysis fluid used in a dialysis machine?

To maintain a concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

What role does negative feedback play in the body?

It helps restore conditions to normal. Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion in dialysis?

Increasing temperature to 40 °C increases the rate of diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glucose in the dialysis process?

It remains in the blood due to no concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a large number of strands of dialysis tubing?

To increase the surface area for diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

What role does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) play in the kidneys?

Controls the permeability of the collecting duct to water. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the water potential in blood is lower than the set point?

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the change. Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of increased permeability of the collecting duct?

More concentrated urine is produced. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment can help manage kidney failure?

Dialysis to remove urea from the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What structure in the kidney does ADH act upon to control water reabsorption?

Collecting duct. Signup and view all the answers

What would a low-protein diet aim to achieve in kidney management?

Reduce the number of excess amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

How do aquaporins contribute to the function of the collecting duct?

They allow water to move into the cells by osmosis. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the collecting duct moves through a hypertonic region?

Water is pulled out of the duct into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Collecting Duct and ADH

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) controls collecting duct permeability to water. More permeable = more water reabsorbed, less excreted as urine.
Lower blood water potential triggers ADH release from the posterior pituitary gland.
ADH receptors on collecting duct cells trigger aquaporin vesicle fusion to membrane.
Water moves into cells by osmosis, increasing blood water potential.
Low volume, concentrated urine results.
As blood water potential rises, ADH production decreases, leading to less permeable collecting ducts and dilute urine.
This process is a negative feedback loop.

Kidney Failure Treatments

Medication controls electrolytes (K+, Ca2+).
Low-protein diet reduces excess amino acids (and thus urea).
Lowering blood pressure using medicine.
Dialysis removes wastes from blood.
Kidney transplant replaces a failing kidney.

Dialysis

Temperature (40°C) improves diffusion rates to maintain body temperature.
Large surface area of dialysis tubing for increased diffusion.
Semipermeable membrane (dialysis tubing) filters out small molecules (e.g., urea, water, salts).
Dialysis fluid has no urea to prevent urea movement out of blood.
No concentration gradient for glucose (thus it doesn't leave blood).
Fresh dialysis fluid maintains the concentration gradient.
Countercurrent flow of blood and fluid optimizes the concentration gradient.

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Description

This quiz explores the role of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating the kidneys, specifically focusing on how ADH affects the collecting duct's permeability to water. Additionally, it covers treatments for kidney failure, including dialysis and medication, to control electrolytes and manage blood pressure. Test your understanding of these crucial physiological processes!