Kidney and Urinary System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the ureter in the renal hilum?

  • Most posterior structure (correct)
  • Most Lateral
  • Most dilated structure
  • Most inferior structure

    • Which statement of the following describes the relations of kidneys?

  • The pancreas is related to the left kidney above the stomach
  • The left kidney is related to the duodenum.
  • Diaphragm is directly related to the superior part of both kidneys.
  • The kidneys are posteriorly related to quadrates lumborum. (correct)

    • Which of the following does not describe the capsules of the kidney?

  • Perirenal fat covers the fibrous capsule
  • Pararenal fat, renal fascia and pararenal fat support the kidney
  • Fibrous capsule surrounds the kidney and loosely applied to its outer surface (correct)
  • Renal fascia encloses the kidney and suprarenal gland

    • Which of the following arteries does not supply the urinary bladder?

    <p>External iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anatomical structures marks the vesicle trigone?

    <p>The urethra orifice at the apex of the trigone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A female patient has a tumor at the level of posterior wall of the urinary bladder. An ultrasound was performed and it seems that the tumor invades the posterior structures. Which of the following structures can be involved?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) in adults?

    <p>Autosomal dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of nephritic syndrome?

    <p>Microscopic hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child suffered from upper respiratory tract infection. Two weeks later, he presented with loin pain, edema of the face with puffiness of the eyelids. Which of the following feature will be seen in his renal biopsy?

    <p>Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pathogenesis of glomerular diseases?

    <p>Immune mediated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of minimal change disease of the glomeruli?

    <p>Fusion of the foot processes of the podocytes is seen on electron microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of chronic glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Many glomeruli are hyalinized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is a non-essential substance that can be excreted through the kidney?

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following did not fit with the functions of the kidney?

    <p>Hemostatic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concerning endocrine functions of the kidney, which of the following is secreted and released by the kidney?

    <p>Erythropoietin hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best fit with the detoxifying function of the kidney?

    <p>Destroys histamine by histaminase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the percent of cortical nephrons from total kidney nephrons?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of peritubular capillaries the juxtamedullary nephrons have?

    <p>Two types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations express the process of urine formation?

    <p>Excretion= Filtration – reabsorption + secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describe the process of secretion during urine formation process?

    <p>Transport of substances from peritubular capillaries to renal tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the process of filtration during the urine formation process?

    <p>Transport of substances from renal glomerulus to renal tubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the process of reabsorption during the urine formation process?

    <p>Transport of substances from renal tubules to peritubular capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best fit with the glomerular filtration barrier?

    <p>Formed of three layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs causes diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs does not induce crystallization in the kidney?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs should be avoided when aminoglycosides are used?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens is the commonest cause of cystitis?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures allow adherence of uropathogens to receptors on uroepithelial cells?

    <p>Pilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings suggests urinary tract infection with Proteus?

    <p>Alkaline urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes podocytes?

    <p>Visceral epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the nature of the glomerulus?

    <p>Capillary tuft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures describes the renal pyramid and its associated cortex?

    <p>Lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the interstitial cells located in matrix between glomerular capillaries?

    <p>Mesangial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the site of the podocytes?

    <p>The epithelial lining of the bowman's capsule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex?

    <p>Medullary ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the origin of the urinary system development?

    <p>Intermediate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the region in which the first kidney develops during the pronephros period?

    <p>Cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the site of the mesonephros development?

    <p>Thoracic and upper lumbar regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the followings is the time at which the metanephros appears?

    <p>5th month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is derived from the ureteric bud?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures arises from the metanephric mesoderm?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements describes the urorectal septum?

    <p>Divides anorectal canal from urogenital sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the cause of bifid ureter?

    <p>Premature division of the ureteric bud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is not derived from the urogenital sinus?

    <p>Trigone of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A newborn baby presents with fluid draining from the umbilicus onto the skin. Testing of the fluid identifies it as urine. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    <p>Urachal fistula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of active transport through the kidney?

    <p>Transport required energy either direct or indirect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion through the kidney?

    <p>The thickness of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport in the kidney represents the sodium-potassium pump?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best fits with the free movement of the solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from the compartment of lower concentration to the compartment of higher concentration of the solute?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms describes glucose is reabsorption in the early segment of proximal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Secondary active cotransport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not contribute to the countercurrent system of the kidney?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correlates with the medullary blood flow?

    <p>Very sluggish flow rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the descending limb of the vasa recta?

    <p>NaCl and urea diffuse inside it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best fits with the loop diuretic, furosemide?

    <p>It inhibits cotransport of Na+, K+, and Cl in the ascending limb of LHs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of urine concentration?

    <p>Depend on osmolarity of the medullary interstitium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nephron regions show increased calcium reabsorption under effect of parathormone hormone?

    <p>DCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describe type B intercalated cells in late distal tubule and collecting duct?

    <p>Secretes bicarbonate in the tubular lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kidney and Urinary System Questions and Answers

    • Ureter in renal hilum: Most posterior structure
    • Kidney relations: The kidneys are posteriorly related to the quadratus lumborum muscle.
    • Kidney capsule description: Renal fascia encloses the kidney and suprarenal gland. Pararenal fat supports the kidneys along with renal fascia. Fibrous capsule surrounds the kidney loosely.
    • Urinary bladder blood supply: The external iliac artery does not supply the urinary bladder.
    • Vesicle trigone: The urethra orifice at the apex of the trigone marks the vesicle trigone.
    • Posterior urinary bladder tumor: The vagina, rectum, and prostate may be involved.
    • Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Autosomal dominant in adults.
    • Nephritic syndrome feature: Microscopic hematuria
    • Child with glomerulonephritis: Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis is a feature of the renal biopsy of a child with glomerulonephritis.

    Additional Kidney and Urinary System Information

    • Kidney Function (Non-Essential Subst.): Urea, a non-essential substance, is excreted through the kidney.
    • Detoxification function: The kidneys destroy histamine using histaminase enzyme.
    • Cortical Nephrons: 85% of total kidney nephrons are cortical nephrons.
    • Juxtamedullary Nephrons: Juxtamedullary nephrons have two types of peritubular capillaries.
    • Urine Formation: Filtration - reabsorption + secretion = excretion (Key equation)
    • Secretion Process: Transport of substances from peritubular capillaries to renal tubules
    • Filtration Process: Transport of substances from renal glomerulus to renal tubules.
    • Reabsorption Process: Transport of substances from renal tubules to peritubular capillaries.
    • Diabetes Insipidus Drugs: Lithium is a drug that causes diabetes insipidus.
    • Crystallization in kidneys: Avoid sulfonamides when using aminoglycosides. Methotrexate, lithium, and triamterene may induce crystallization.
    • Cystitis Causative Agent: E. coli is a common cause.
    • Urinary Tract Infection: Proteus is associated with acidic urine.

    Additional Kidney and Urinary System Information

    • Podocytes: Visceral epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule (a structure that surrounds the glomerulus important in filtration)
    • Glomerulus: Capillary tuft
    • Renal Pyramid and Cortex: Lobe
    • Interstitial Cells: Mesangial cells
    • Ureter Development: Intermediate mesoderm
    • Pronephros Period Location: Cervical region
    • Mesonephros Development Site: Lumbar and sacral regions
    • Metanephros Appearance Time: 5th month.
    • Ureteric Bud Origin: Renal pelvis
    • Metanephric Mesoderm Structure: Collecting system.
    • Urorectal Septum: Divides the anorectal canal from the urogenital sinus.
    • Bifid Ureter Cause: Formation of two ureteric buds
    • Renal Autoregulation Failure: Inhibition of prostaglandin production causes failure of renal autoregulation with NSAIDs.
    • Urinary Bladder Epithelium: The transitional epithelium is found in the epithelium of the bladder.
    • Urinary Tract Infections: Proteus is connected with acidic urine
    • Glomerular Pathology: Acute glomerulonephritis
    • Renal Cell Carcinoma Type: Adenocarcinoma arising from tubular epithelium
    • Renal Cell Carcinoma age: Occurs often in the age of 60 - 70

    Additional Kidney and Urinary System Information

    • Causes of Renal Failure: Urine stasis, cigarette smoking, atrophies of renal calyces, hypoplasia of kidneys.
    • Renal Cell Carcinoma Descriptions: Embryonic, from primitive cells, transitional cell, adenocarcinomas (from tubular epithelium or glomerular tufts)
    • Urinary Bladder Cancer: transitional cell carcinoma
    • Glomerulonephritis: Often indicative of impetigo, a bacterial skin infection

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the kidney and urinary system with this quiz. Explore topics such as renal anatomy, blood supply, and common diseases like Polycystic Kidney Disease. Perfect for medical students or anyone interested in understanding urinary health.

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