Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is Alfred Kohlberg best known for?
What is Alfred Kohlberg best known for?
Urie Bronfenbrenner was born in the United States.
Urie Bronfenbrenner was born in the United States.
False
What framework did Vygotsky create?
What framework did Vygotsky create?
Cultural-historical activity theory
Alfred Kohlberg was born on October 25, _____ in Bronxville, New York.
Alfred Kohlberg was born on October 25, _____ in Bronxville, New York.
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At what age did Vygotsky die?
At what age did Vygotsky die?
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Match each psychologist with their primary focus:
Match each psychologist with their primary focus:
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Charlotte Albrecht was Alfred Kohlberg's mother.
Charlotte Albrecht was Alfred Kohlberg's mother.
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In what year did Urie Bronfenbrenner die?
In what year did Urie Bronfenbrenner die?
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Which intelligence is associated with learning through reasoning and problem solving?
Which intelligence is associated with learning through reasoning and problem solving?
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Howard Gardner's theory identifies eight distinct intelligences.
Howard Gardner's theory identifies eight distinct intelligences.
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What is the primary learning style of someone with Bodily/Kinesthetic intelligence?
What is the primary learning style of someone with Bodily/Kinesthetic intelligence?
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Gardner's theory suggests that tailored teaching strategies can optimize learning for each __________.
Gardner's theory suggests that tailored teaching strategies can optimize learning for each __________.
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Which of the following intelligences is referred to as 'Picture Smart'?
Which of the following intelligences is referred to as 'Picture Smart'?
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Match the following intelligences with their descriptions:
Match the following intelligences with their descriptions:
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People excel equally in all nine intelligences identified by Gardner.
People excel equally in all nine intelligences identified by Gardner.
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What is the key value of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory in education?
What is the key value of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory in education?
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What is the primary method used by Freud in psychoanalysis?
What is the primary method used by Freud in psychoanalysis?
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Sigmund Freud was born in the United Kingdom.
Sigmund Freud was born in the United Kingdom.
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Name the three components of personality according to Freud.
Name the three components of personality according to Freud.
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Erik Erikson is known for his theory of ________ development.
Erik Erikson is known for his theory of ________ development.
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Match the following theorists with their contributions to developmental psychology:
Match the following theorists with their contributions to developmental psychology:
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Which of the following stages is NOT part of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
Which of the following stages is NOT part of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
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Lev Vygotsky's primary focus was on moral development.
Lev Vygotsky's primary focus was on moral development.
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What is the role of the 'Superego' in Freud's model of personality?
What is the role of the 'Superego' in Freud's model of personality?
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What does the term 'Handicap' refer to?
What does the term 'Handicap' refer to?
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Autism is characterized by a need for routine and limited interests.
Autism is characterized by a need for routine and limited interests.
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What are emotional/conduct disorders primarily associated with?
What are emotional/conduct disorders primarily associated with?
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Individuals with significant subaverage intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior are referred to as __________.
Individuals with significant subaverage intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior are referred to as __________.
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Which of the following conditions involves a malfunction of the ear or auditory nerves?
Which of the following conditions involves a malfunction of the ear or auditory nerves?
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Match the following conditions with their descriptions:
Match the following conditions with their descriptions:
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Giftedness is defined as having a significantly low level of aptitude in academic subjects.
Giftedness is defined as having a significantly low level of aptitude in academic subjects.
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What does 'emotional conduct disorders' affect in individuals?
What does 'emotional conduct disorders' affect in individuals?
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What is a preferred way to describe someone who uses a wheelchair?
What is a preferred way to describe someone who uses a wheelchair?
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Using euphemisms such as 'physically-challenged' is encouraged when referring to those with disabilities.
Using euphemisms such as 'physically-challenged' is encouraged when referring to those with disabilities.
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What is the definition of severe and multiple disabilities?
What is the definition of severe and multiple disabilities?
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Visual impairments are conditions when there is a malfunction of the ______ or optic nerves.
Visual impairments are conditions when there is a malfunction of the ______ or optic nerves.
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Match the type of impairment with its appropriate description:
Match the type of impairment with its appropriate description:
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Which statement is preferable when describing someone who had polio?
Which statement is preferable when describing someone who had polio?
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It is acceptable to use broad labels like 'disabled' to refer to individuals with specific impairments.
It is acceptable to use broad labels like 'disabled' to refer to individuals with specific impairments.
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What type of impairments include reduced mental alertness?
What type of impairments include reduced mental alertness?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Psychology
-
Alfred Kohlberg
- Born October 25, 1927, in Bronxville, New York; died January 19, 1987, in Winthrop, Massachusetts, at age 60.
- Notable for research on children's psychological development and creator of cultural-historical activity theory.
-
Lev Vygotsky
- Born November 17, 1896, in Orsha, Belarus; died June 11, 1934, in the Soviet Union, at age 38.
- Developed theories on language and the Zone of Proximal Development.
-
Urie Bronfenbrenner
- Born April 29, 1917, in Moscow, Russia; died September 25, 2005, in Ithaca, New York, at age 88.
- Known for applying a contextual framework to human development through bio-ecological systems.
Developmental Theories
-
Sigmund Freud
- Introduced psychoanalysis, focusing on the unconscious conflicts in the psyche.
- Defined three components of personality:
- Id: pleasure-seeking, unconscious drive.
- Ego: reality-oriented part that mediates desires.
- Superego: moral conscience.
-
Erik Erikson
- Developed the eight stages of psychosocial development, highlighting the impact of social experiences across a lifetime.
-
Jean Piaget
- Proposed four stages of cognitive development, emphasizing how children construct knowledge through interaction with their environment.
-
Lawrence Kohlberg
- Identified three levels and six substages of moral development in children, outlining how moral reasoning evolves.
Multiple Intelligences Theory
-
Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1983)
- Intelligence is a set of abilities valued across cultures.
- Identifies nine distinct intelligences, advocating for tailored teaching strategies:
- Visual/Spatial: learning through visual means.
- Verbal/Linguistic: learning through language.
- Mathematical/Logical: learning through reasoning and problem-solving.
- Bodily/Kinesthetic: learning through physical activity and interaction.
Special Populations in Education
-
Disability vs. Handicap
- Disability is a broader term encompassing impairments, while handicap refers to social disadvantages related to disabilities.
-
Social/Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties
- Autism: Characterized by varied levels of social interaction impairment and repetitive behaviors.
- Mental Retardation: Significant subaverage intelligence with adaptive behavior deficits.
- Emotional/Conduct Disorders: Prolonged emotional states that disrupt learning.
-
Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments
- Physical impairments involve long-term medical conditions affecting daily activities.
- Severe and Multiple Disabilities: Presence of multiple disability types necessitating specialized education.
Terminology and Sensitivity in Communication
- Preference for specific language when referring to individuals with disabilities:
- Avoid generic labels; emphasize abilities (e.g., "uses a wheelchair" instead of "confined to a wheelchair").
- Avoid euphemisms that may be condescending (e.g., "physically-challenged").
- Focus on factual descriptions (e.g., "had polio" rather than "polio victim").
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Description
Explore the contributions of significant psychologists such as Alfred Kohlberg, Lev Vygotsky, Urie Bronfenbrenner, and Sigmund Freud. This quiz delves into their theories and foundational ideas that shaped the understanding of human development and psychology. Test your knowledge on these key figures and their impact on the field.
