Questions and Answers
Who is known as the father of experimental psychology?
What technique did Wundt use to study cognitive reactions?
Introspection
What was the title of psychology's first textbook?
What theory did William James establish?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Gestalt psychology focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
Which psychologist is known for developing the concept of the unconscious mind?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What did John Watson believe psychology should focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of conditioning did Ivan Pavlov develop?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the main contributions of B.F. Skinner to psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which two psychologists are associated with the Humanist Perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Psychoanalytic Perspective focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Biopsychology Perspective explain human behavior in terms of?
Signup and view all the answers
How do social biologists view human thoughts and actions according to the Evolutionary Perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Behavioral Perspective focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of the Cognitive Perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Sociocultural Perspective examine?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Key Figures in Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt: Established the first psychology laboratory; trained subjects in introspection to record cognitive reactions to simple stimuli.
- William James: Authored "The Principles of Psychology," the first psychology textbook; introduced functionalism, focusing on how mental processes function in real life.
- Max Wertheimer: A prominent Gestalt psychologist who emphasized understanding human experiences as a whole rather than breaking them into parts.
- Sigmund Freud: Pioneered the concept of the unconscious mind; employed methods like dream analysis and word association, criticized for lack of scientific rigor.
- Margaret Floy Washburn: First woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology in 1894.
- John Watson: Advocated for behaviorism, suggesting psychology should focus solely on observable behaviors and stimuli.
- Ivan Pavlov: Conducted classical conditioning experiments, notably with dogs, establishing foundational learning principles.
- B.F. Skinner: Expanded behaviorism by introducing reinforcement and punishment concepts, which play crucial roles in operant conditioning.
- Mary Calkins: A student of James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association; faced barriers in obtaining her Ph.D. due to gender.
Psychological Perspectives
- Humanist Perspective: Advocated by figures like Maslow and Rogers, emphasizing individual choice and free will; posits that behavior choices are influenced by physiological, emotional, and spiritual needs.
- Psychoanalytic Perspective: Founded by Freud, focusing on the impact of the unconscious mind on thoughts and behavior.
- Biopsychology Perspective: Explains behavior through biological processes; cognitive functions arise from genetics, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
- Evolutionary Perspective: Examines human thoughts and behaviors through the lens of natural selection, similar to biopsychological principles.
- Behavioral Perspective: Centers on learned behaviors via conditioning, analyzing observable actions rather than internal mental states.
- Cognitive Perspective: Explores how interpretation, processing, and memory of environmental events influence behavior; emphasizes the significance of personal cognitive frameworks.
- Sociocultural Perspective: Investigates the variations in thought and behavior across cultures; examines the influence of cultural context, especially collectivism versus individualism.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the major contributors to the field of psychology, detailing their theories and significance. Explore the impact of figures like Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, and others who shaped modern psychological thought. Test your knowledge on their methodologies and key concepts.
