Introduction to Psychology
50 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of psychology?

  • The study of philosophy and ethics
  • The science of behavior and mental processes (correct)
  • The investigation of consciousness only
  • The examination of physiological changes

Who is considered the 'Father of Psychology'?

  • Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
  • Edward Titchener
  • William James
  • Sigmund Freud

Which method did Edward Titchener use to explore the basic elements of consciousness?

  • Surveys and questionnaires
  • Experimental testing
  • Observation of behavior
  • Introspection (correct)

What concept did Functionalism primarily seek to address?

<p>The reasons behind mental processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of 'Stream of consciousness'?

<p>Consciousness is an unending flow that cannot be fully captured. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is psychology primarily concerned with?

<p>The scientific study of behavior and mental processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology?

<p>Analyze (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a psychiatrist from other psychology professionals?

<p>They have a medical degree and can prescribe medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'behavior' in the context of psychology?

<p>Any observable action or response of an organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level of education is typically required for a PhD in psychology?

<p>Higher than a Master's degree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologists are primarily associated with Gestalt psychology?

<p>Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Koffka (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What foundational principle is central to Gestalt psychology?

<p>The whole is more than its parts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestalt psychology is primarily a response to which earlier psychological schools?

<p>Structuralism and Functionalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas did Gestalt psychologists particularly focus on?

<p>Perceptual experiences and illusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of philosophy does Gestalt psychology embody?

<p>The importance of context in perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the scientific method?

<p>Observing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines a hypothesis?

<p>A specific, testable question derived from a theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the scientific method, what does replication mean?

<p>Obtaining similar results by different researchers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a theory within the scientific method?

<p>To organize and simplify observed data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about scientific theories?

<p>They provide frameworks for future research and hypothesis development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of biological psychology?

<p>The nervous system and its impact on behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does evolutionary psychology emphasize?

<p>Natural selection and adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural psychology investigates how behavior is influenced by what?

<p>Cultural context and upbringing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of psychology is primarily concerned with what you can do?

<p>Psychology and learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement contributed to the re-emergence of biological psychology in the 1980s?

<p>Advanced neuroimaging techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was John Watson's main contribution to psychology?

<p>Promoting the study of observable behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is central to Humanistic Psychology?

<p>The actualizing tendency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the cognitive revolution in psychology during the late 1950s and early 1960s?

<p>A shift towards studying human thought processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is known for highlighting the importance of childhood and unconscious conflicts?

<p>Sigmund Freud (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought is associated with the concept of 'self-actualization'?

<p>Humanistic Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process involved in inductive reasoning?

<p>Identifying patterns from specific observations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence accurately describes the deductive reasoning process?

<p>Theory → Hypothesis → Observe → Conclusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of inductive reasoning?

<p>It develops theories from specific instances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does deductive reasoning typically begin?

<p>With a theory or general principle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the flow of inductive reasoning?

<p>Specific → General → Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of using random samples in research?

<p>Lack of ecological validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary limitation of descriptive studies?

<p>They cannot determine cause and effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common issue with surveys and interviews?

<p>Participants may lie or be dishonest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage associated with case studies?

<p>They cannot be generalized to the entire population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the nature of naturalistic observation?

<p>It provides insight but lacks causation determination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hindsight bias?

<p>The tendency to believe we would have foreseen an outcome after learning what it is (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the scientific method represents a testable prediction?

<p>Hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does overconfidence play in judgment according to hindsight bias?

<p>It encourages seeking information that aligns with existing beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a theory in the context of the scientific method?

<p>An integrated set of principles that organizes observations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tendency to perceive patterns in random events lead to?

<p>Underestimating the role of chance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between independent and dependent variables?

<p>Independent variables are the causes of effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the role of the experimental condition in research?

<p>Participants experience a treatment based on the independent variable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a random sample ensure in research?

<p>Every individual has an equal chance of being selected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the main goal of the scientific method in psychology?

<p>To determine cause-and-effect relationships through controlled observations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is primarily associated with the development of functionalism?

<p>William James (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is psychology?

The study of behavior and mental processes.

What is a scientific study in psychology?

It's about using systematic observation to develop theories about people and animals.

What is behavior in psychology?

Anything an organism does. Example: smiling, running, talking.

What are mental processes in psychology?

Thinking, reasoning, problem-solving. Example: remembering a name, understanding a concept.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the goals of psychology?

To describe, explain, predict, and change behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a theory in the scientific method?

A set of general concepts that organize and explain data, providing a framework for future research. They are not proven, but rather supported or not by facts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Specific, testable questions derived from theories. Scientists test these questions to see if they are correct or incorrect for a particular data set.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is replication in the scientific method?

Repeating a study or experiment to see if the same or similar results are obtained. It's best if it's done by a different researcher to ensure the findings are reliable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's the main point of the scientific method?

A way to collect data in a systematic, observable, and objective way, avoiding personal opinions or biases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the steps of the scientific method?

It involves a series of steps: observe, question, hypothesize, experiment, analyze, and conclude. These steps help scientists gain a deeper understanding of the world.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physiology

The study of the physical body and how it changes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Philosophy

Branch of philosophy that explores the reasons behind things, including thoughts and behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reaction Time

The study of how quickly someone responds to a stimulus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structuralism

Early school of psychology focused on identifying the basic elements of consciousness, like colors, shapes, and sounds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Introspection

A method of self-report used in structuralism to understand the basic building blocks of consciousness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biological Psychology

A field of psychology that examines the influence of the nervous system on behavior. It explores how brain structure, neurochemicals, and neural activity impact our actions, thoughts, and emotions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gestalt Psychology

A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. It focuses on how we perceive and organize information to create meaningful patterns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Koffka

Influential figures in shaping the Gestalt school of psychology, known for their research on perception and illusions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evolutionary Psychology

This perspective focuses on how natural selection and adaptation have shaped our behavioral patterns. It seeks to understand why certain behaviors may have been advantageous for survival and reproduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural Psychology

A branch of psychology that investigates how culture influences our thoughts, emotions, and behavior. It examines how different societies interpret behavior and the role of cultural factors in shaping our actions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Functionalism

An approach to studying the mind that focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes, asking "how" and "why" they work.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognition

The study of thought processes and mental activities such as perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving. It focuses on how we acquire, process, and use information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The whole is more than its parts

A philosophical phenomenon that explores the question of how a unified experience emerges from individual parts. It is a core concept in Gestalt Psychology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behaviorism

A school of thought in psychology that focuses on the objective study of observable behavior, specifically the relationship between stimuli and responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychoanalysis

A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and internal conflicts in shaping personality and behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Humanistic Psychology

A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes human potential, free will, and the pursuit of self-actualization. It views humans as inherently good and striving for personal growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive Psychology

A school of thought in psychology that focuses on mental processes, including how people think, learn, remember, and solve problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive Revolution

A period in the late 1950s and early 1960s when cognitive psychology gained dominance over behaviorism in the field of psychology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inductive Reasoning

A process of drawing a general conclusion from specific observations. It involves analyzing patterns and making generalizations based on observed data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deductive Reasoning

A process of deriving a specific conclusion from a general principle. It involves applying a known rule or theory to a particular situation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothesis

A specific, testable prediction derived from a theory. It is a statement about the relationship between variables that can be tested through research.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Critical Thinking

The ability to think critically and make sound judgments based on evidence and reasoning. It involves analyzing arguments, evaluating information, and drawing conclusions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Theory

A set of general concepts that organizes and explains data. It provides a framework for understanding a phenomenon and making predictions. It is often based on multiple observations and experiments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Naturalistic Observation

A research method that observes participants in their natural environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Case Study

A research method that involves studying one individual in depth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surveys, Tests, and Interviews

A research method using surveys, tests, and interviews to gather data from a large group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Descriptive Study

A study that describes existing patterns or trends without manipulating variables.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testable Prediction

A statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. We often overestimate our ability to predict events.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Replication

The process of repeating a study or experiment to confirm the original findings. This helps determine the reliability of the research.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to answering questions about the world, involving observation, hypothesis testing, and data analysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the scientific method in psychology?

A scientific approach used in psychology to test theories and hypotheses. It involves systematic observation and experimentation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Explain the difference between independent and dependent variables.

The independent variable is what is manipulated or changed in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the factor that is measured to see the effect of the independent variable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's a control condition in an experiment?

A controlled experiment where participants are treated exactly the same except for the independent variable. It helps establish cause-and-effect relationships by comparing changes in the dependent variable between groups.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a random sample in research?

A sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It helps ensure that the results of an experiment can be generalized to the broader population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

More Like This

Psychology Fundamentals
15 questions

Psychology Fundamentals

EndorsedDiscernment avatar
EndorsedDiscernment
Psychology Fundamentals Overview
23 questions

Psychology Fundamentals Overview

WellReceivedSquirrel7948 avatar
WellReceivedSquirrel7948
Filipino Psychology
40 questions

Filipino Psychology

GoldenEuphemism avatar
GoldenEuphemism
Psychology Study Quiz: Community and Attribution Errors
42 questions

Psychology Study Quiz: Community and Attribution Errors

GracefulYttrium1416 avatar
GracefulYttrium1416
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser