Psychology Pioneers and Theories
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Questions and Answers

Who is known as the founder of psychoanalysis?

  • Sigmund Freud (correct)
  • Carl Rogers
  • Wilhelm Wundt
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • What concept is associated with Abraham Maslow?

  • Law of Effect
  • Cognitive Development
  • Theory of Observational Learning
  • Hierarchy of Needs (correct)
  • Which psychologist introduced the Adaptation of the IQ test in the U.S.?

  • Charles Spearman
  • David Wechsler
  • Lewis Terman (correct)
  • Alfred Binet
  • Which theory emphasizes the influence of social and cultural factors on personality across the lifespan?

    <p>Erikson's Psychosocial Development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences propose?

    <p>There are several intelligences that reflect different ways of processing information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is associated with the concept of the Law of Effect?

    <p>Edward Lee Thorndike (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Albert Bandura's work?

    <p>Observational Learning and Self-Efficacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did George Miller discover about short-term memory?

    <p>It can hold about seven items at a time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist's work is primarily associated with the concept of emotional intelligence?

    <p>Daniel Goleman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is Jean Piaget best known for?

    <p>Cognitive Development with 4 Stages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Wilhelm Wundt

    The founder of psychology, known for establishing the first experimental psychology lab.

    Sigmund Freud

    A psychologist known for developing psychoanalysis, a method used to explore the unconscious mind.

    Behaviorism

    A school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned.

    Abraham Maslow

    A psychologist known for his theory of self-actualization, emphasizing human potential and growth.

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    Law of Effect

    A theory that states behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they are followed by a positive consequence.

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    Observational Learning

    The ability to learn by observing others.

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    George Miller

    A psychologist who identified the limited capacity of short-term memory.

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    Jean Piaget

    A psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development, proposing four distinct stages of cognitive growth.

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    Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

    A psychologist who developed the theory of dying and death, describing the five stages of grief.

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    David Wechsler

    A psychologist who defined intelligence as the ability to think rationally and adapt to the environment.

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    Study Notes

    Psychology Pioneers and Theories

    • Wilhelm Wundt: Founder of psychology
    • Sigmund Freud: Founder of psychoanalysis
    • Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John Watson: Behaviorism
    • Carl Rogers: Founder of Humanistic Psychology
    • Abraham Maslow: Developed the theory of motivation
    • Edward Lee Thorndike: Law of effect
    • Albert Bandura: Observational learning
    • George Miller: Short-term memory capacity is limited
    • Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess: Temperament research (easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up)
    • Mary D. Salter Ainsworth: Strange situation experiment on attachment
    • Noam Chomsky: Infants are capable of language acquisition
    • Jean Piaget: Cognitive development with 4 stages
    • Erik Erikson: Importance of social and cultural influences on personality development throughout life
    • Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: Theory of dying and death
    • Deci and Ryan: Self-determination theory and the importance of activity growth
    • David Wechsler: Defined intelligence as the global capacity to think rationally and deal effectively with the environment

    Intelligence and Measurement

    • Alfred Binet: Developed a test to identify students needing help, focused on mental age
    • Lewis Terman: Adapted Binet's test and developed the IQ
    • David Wechsler: Believed IQ scores can be influenced by personality, motivation, cultural factors, and emphasized adult testing (rather than just children)
    • Charles Spearman: Intelligence is a general ability
    • Louis L. Thurstone: Intelligence is a cluster of abilities (7 primary mental abilities)
    • Howard Gardner: Multiple intelligences (ability to solve problems and create valued products)
    • Robert Sternberg: 3 forms of intelligence (analytic, creative, practical)
    • Albert Bandura: Personality theory emphasizing the importance of observational learning, social experience, and self-efficacy beliefs

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts and influential figures in psychology through this quiz. From Wilhelm Wundt to Erik Erikson, learn about key theories and developments that have shaped the field. Test your knowledge of behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic approaches to psychology.

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