Questions and Answers
What is a tariff?
What does the Supremacy Clause state?
Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws.
What is a Federal Government System?
Form of government based on the sharing of powers between levels of government; in the U.S. it is between the national and state governments.
What was the Nullification Crisis?
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What did the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification state?
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What was Jackson's Proclamation Regarding Nullification?
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Who was Andrew Jackson?
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What was the Compromise Tariff of 1833?
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Who was John C. Calhoun?
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What war's seeds were planted by the Nullification Crisis?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts of the Nullification Crisis
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Tariff: A government tax on imports or exports that can impact economic balance between states.
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Supremacy Clause: Article VI of the Constitution establishes that the Constitution, national laws, and treaties take precedence over state laws when the national government operates within constitutional bounds.
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Federal Government System: A system of governance where power is shared between national and state levels, crucial in understanding state-federal relations.
Overview of the Nullification Crisis
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Nullification Crisis (1832-1833): A conflict between President Andrew Jackson and South Carolina's legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void and threatened to secede if duties were enforced.
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification: Based on John Calhoun's theory from the South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828), this ordinance declared federal tariffs null and prohibited duty collection within the state.
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Jackson's Proclamation: Jackson asserted that the tariff was valid and threatened military action to enforce it, emphasizing the dangers of secession.
Key Figures and Events
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Andrew Jackson: The seventh President (1829-1837), known for his military success in the War of 1812 and his staunch opposition to state nullification and the Bank of the United States, while expanding presidential authority.
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John C. Calhoun: A leading opponent of the 1828 protective tariffs affecting the South economically, he developed the doctrine of nullification, claiming states could determine the constitutionality of laws.
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Compromise Tariff of 1833: Proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun, this tariff gradually decreased duties to levels consistent with the 1816 tariff, successfully diffusing tensions and delaying civil conflict for 30 years.
Long-term Implications
- Seeds for the American Civil War: The Nullification Crisis highlighted stark regional divisions and set precedents for state versus federal authority, laying groundwork for future conflicts leading to the Civil War.
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Description
Explore the essential elements of the Nullification Crisis, a pivotal conflict between South Carolina and the federal government during 1832-1833. This quiz covers key ideas such as tariffs, the Supremacy Clause, and the implications of state-federal relations in American history.