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Questions and Answers
What is a tariff?
What is a tariff?
What does the Supremacy Clause state?
What does the Supremacy Clause state?
Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws.
What is a Federal Government System?
What is a Federal Government System?
Form of government based on the sharing of powers between levels of government; in the U.S. it is between the national and state governments.
What was the Nullification Crisis?
What was the Nullification Crisis?
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What did the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification state?
What did the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification state?
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What was Jackson's Proclamation Regarding Nullification?
What was Jackson's Proclamation Regarding Nullification?
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Who was Andrew Jackson?
Who was Andrew Jackson?
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What was the Compromise Tariff of 1833?
What was the Compromise Tariff of 1833?
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Who was John C. Calhoun?
Who was John C. Calhoun?
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What war's seeds were planted by the Nullification Crisis?
What war's seeds were planted by the Nullification Crisis?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts of the Nullification Crisis
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Tariff: A government tax on imports or exports that can impact economic balance between states.
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Supremacy Clause: Article VI of the Constitution establishes that the Constitution, national laws, and treaties take precedence over state laws when the national government operates within constitutional bounds.
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Federal Government System: A system of governance where power is shared between national and state levels, crucial in understanding state-federal relations.
Overview of the Nullification Crisis
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Nullification Crisis (1832-1833): A conflict between President Andrew Jackson and South Carolina's legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void and threatened to secede if duties were enforced.
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification: Based on John Calhoun's theory from the South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828), this ordinance declared federal tariffs null and prohibited duty collection within the state.
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Jackson's Proclamation: Jackson asserted that the tariff was valid and threatened military action to enforce it, emphasizing the dangers of secession.
Key Figures and Events
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Andrew Jackson: The seventh President (1829-1837), known for his military success in the War of 1812 and his staunch opposition to state nullification and the Bank of the United States, while expanding presidential authority.
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John C. Calhoun: A leading opponent of the 1828 protective tariffs affecting the South economically, he developed the doctrine of nullification, claiming states could determine the constitutionality of laws.
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Compromise Tariff of 1833: Proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun, this tariff gradually decreased duties to levels consistent with the 1816 tariff, successfully diffusing tensions and delaying civil conflict for 30 years.
Long-term Implications
- Seeds for the American Civil War: The Nullification Crisis highlighted stark regional divisions and set precedents for state versus federal authority, laying groundwork for future conflicts leading to the Civil War.
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Description
Explore the essential elements of the Nullification Crisis, a pivotal conflict between South Carolina and the federal government during 1832-1833. This quiz covers key ideas such as tariffs, the Supremacy Clause, and the implications of state-federal relations in American history.
