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Questions and Answers
What is the correct name for the compound NaCl?
What is the correct name for the compound NaCl?
Which of the following represents a polyatomic ion?
Which of the following represents a polyatomic ion?
How would you correctly name the compound PbSO4?
How would you correctly name the compound PbSO4?
Which of the following ionic compounds contains a polyatomic ion?
Which of the following ionic compounds contains a polyatomic ion?
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What is the formula for iron (III) hydroxide?
What is the formula for iron (III) hydroxide?
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Which of the following compounds is formed from Fe2+ and SO42-?
Which of the following compounds is formed from Fe2+ and SO42-?
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How would you write the chemical formula for calcium phosphite?
How would you write the chemical formula for calcium phosphite?
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Which of these statements is true about naming ionic compounds?
Which of these statements is true about naming ionic compounds?
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What suffix is added to the second element when naming a covalent compound?
What suffix is added to the second element when naming a covalent compound?
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In the reaction Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2, what are the reactants?
In the reaction Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2, what are the reactants?
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What prefix indicates the presence of four atoms of an element in a covalent compound?
What prefix indicates the presence of four atoms of an element in a covalent compound?
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Which of the following acids has the suffix 'ous' because of the 'ite' suffix in its anion?
Which of the following acids has the suffix 'ous' because of the 'ite' suffix in its anion?
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How many coefficients are needed in front of ZnCl2 to balance the equation Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2?
How many coefficients are needed in front of ZnCl2 to balance the equation Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2?
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Which chemical formula represents ammonium carbonate?
Which chemical formula represents ammonium carbonate?
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Which of the following is the correct product when balancing the reaction BaCl2 + K3PO4 → Ba3(PO4)2 + KCl?
Which of the following is the correct product when balancing the reaction BaCl2 + K3PO4 → Ba3(PO4)2 + KCl?
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What is the correct formula for sulfurous acid?
What is the correct formula for sulfurous acid?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts of Reactivity
- Change is a central theme in understanding chemical reactions.
- Consequences relate to the impacts of these changes, particularly on the environment.
- Global issues like globalization and sustainability are interconnected with chemical reactivity.
Learning Objectives
- Identifying and naming simple chemical compounds, including ionic, covalent, and polyatomic compounds.
- Writing chemical formulas and analyzing the elemental composition and atom ratios in compounds.
- Balancing chemical equations by ensuring equal numbers of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation.
Naming Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds consist of positive and negative ions; the positive ion is listed first in the formula.
- Monatomic anions usually end in 'ide'; polyatomic ions have specific names.
- Example: NaCl is identified as sodium chloride.
Polyatomic Ions
- Polyatomic ions typically include oxygen and have a negative charge.
- Names often end in "ate" or "ite" based on the amount of oxygen.
- Examples:
- NO2- is nitrite
- NO3- is nitrate
- SO32- is sulfite
- SO42- is sulfate
- Exceptions include ions such as hydroxide (OH-) and cyanide (CN-).
Elements with Multiple Cations
- Some elements, like iron and copper, can form more than one type of cation; Roman numerals indicate the oxidation state.
- Examples:
- PbSO4 represents lead (II) sulfate, formed from Pb2+ and SO42-.
- Pb(SO4)2 represents lead (IV) sulfate, formed from Pb4+.
- Fe(OH)2 is iron (II) hydroxide, and Fe(OH)3 is iron (III) hydroxide.
Examples of Ionic Compounds
- Common ionic compounds include:
- NaCl: sodium chloride
- ZnF2: zinc fluoride
- KOH: potassium hydroxide
- Ca(NO3)2: calcium nitrate
- BaSO3: barium sulfite
- Al2(SO4)3: aluminum sulfate
- Ca3(PO3)2: calcium phosphite
- NH4Cl: ammonium chloride
- (NH4)2CO3: ammonium carbonate
Naming Covalent Compounds
- The first element retains its name, and the second element's name ends in 'ide.'
- Numerical prefixes indicate the quantity of elements in the compound.
- Examples:
- SF6 is sulfur hexafluoride.
- P4O10 is tetraphosphorous decoxide.
Acids
- Hydrogen compounds that dissolve in water become acids, with specific naming rules:
- "ite" changes to "ous."
- "ate" changes to "ic."
- Examples:
- HCl is hydrochloric acid.
- H2SO4 is sulfuric acid.
- H3PO4 is phosphoric acid.
Understanding Chemical Reactions
- Chemical reactions demonstrate the transformation of reactants into products.
- In the equation Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2:
- Reactants (Zn and HCl) are on the left.
- Products (ZnCl2 and H2) are on the right.
Balancing Chemical Reactions
- A balanced chemical equation reflects equal representation of each element on both sides.
- Coefficients may be added to adjust the quantity of reactants and products.
- Example balancing:
- For BaCl2 + K3PO4 → Ba3(PO4)2 + KCl, coefficients of 3 for BaCl2 and 2 for K3PO4 ensure balance.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to chemical reactivity, including the naming of simple chemical compounds, writing chemical formulas, and balancing chemical equations. Explore the consequences of changes in chemical reactions and how global issues intersect with chemistry.
