26 Questions
What is the main method of disposal of waste in the UK?
Landfill
How can the chemical reactivity of condensation polymers be broken down?
By hydrolysis
What types of bonds are present in polyesters between different chains?
Permanent dipole forces
What type of bonding contributes to the higher melting points of polyamides compared to polyesters?
Hydrogen bonding
What attacking species can interact with condensation polymers due to the presence of polar bonds?
Nucleophiles and acids
Why are European councils being charged more for using landfills?
European regulations
What are some examples of biodegradable plastics mentioned in the text?
Polyamides, cellulose, starch based polymers
What is the purpose of incineration mentioned in the text?
To burn rubbish and generate electricity
What is a limitation of recycling mentioned in the text?
Polymers can only be recycled into the same type
How do thermoplastic polymers differ from other polymers in terms of recycling?
Thermoplastic polymers can be melted down and reshaped
What is one benefit of using biodegradable plastics?
Improving rates of decomposition
What is the common name for Nylon 6,6?
Nylon 6,6
Which two monomers are used to produce Nylon 6,6?
Hexanedioic acid and Hexane-1,6-diamine
What is the chemical formula of Hexane-1,6-diamine?
N-(CH2)6-N
How many carbon atoms are in the repeating unit of Nylon 6,6?
10
What functional groups are present in the monomers of Nylon 6,6?
Amine and carboxylic acid groups
What is the name of the polymer formed from the given monomers?
Polyhexamethylene adipamide
What does '6,6' represent in the context of the monomers?
6 carbons in each monomer
What is the significance of the +2n-1 in the chemical equation?
It represents the loss of a water molecule during polymerization.
In the polymerization reaction, what functional groups are involved in linking the monomers?
Amide groups
What is the role of H₂O in the reaction?
It is eliminated to form the polymer chain.
What is the common polyamide produced by different length carbon chains?
Kevlar
What type of polymer is formed when asked about classification?
Polyamide or polyester
What type of polymerisation occurs for polyamides and polyesters?
Condensation
What functional groups are needed in a monomer to form polyamides and polyesters?
Carboxylic acid and amine groups
Under what conditions can some compounds form cyclic esters instead of the polymer?
Different conditions
Learn about how condensation polymers such as polyesters and polyamides can be broken down through hydrolysis, making them biodegradable. Understand the role of polar bonds in attracting attacking species like nucleophiles and acids during the hydrolysis process.
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