Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of an abstract in a scientific paper?
What is the main purpose of an abstract in a scientific paper?
- To provide detailed methodology
- To list all references
- To discuss future research implications
- To summarize key points (correct)
What does the alternative hypothesis represent in an experiment?
What does the alternative hypothesis represent in an experiment?
- The null hypothesis outcome
- What the experimenter believes may be true (correct)
- The results of a previous study
- The final conclusion of the study
In a cohort study, which groups are being followed over time?
In a cohort study, which groups are being followed over time?
- Cases and controls
- Exposed and non-exposed individuals (correct)
- Experimental and placebo groups
- Independent and dependent variables
What characterizes a controlled, randomized experiment?
What characterizes a controlled, randomized experiment?
What is a confounding variable?
What is a confounding variable?
What does correlation measure?
What does correlation measure?
Which type of study provides a snapshot of variables affecting each other at the same time?
Which type of study provides a snapshot of variables affecting each other at the same time?
What does the dependent variable represent in an experiment?
What does the dependent variable represent in an experiment?
What is the primary purpose of the design process?
What is the primary purpose of the design process?
Which statement correctly describes a double-blind experiment?
Which statement correctly describes a double-blind experiment?
What does the term 'incidence' signify in epidemiology?
What does the term 'incidence' signify in epidemiology?
Which variable in an experimental study is manipulated by the researcher?
Which variable in an experimental study is manipulated by the researcher?
What distinguishes an observational study from an experimental study?
What distinguishes an observational study from an experimental study?
What is a Gantt chart primarily used for?
What is a Gantt chart primarily used for?
Which of the following describes a statistically significant result?
Which of the following describes a statistically significant result?
What is the purpose of a prototype in the design process?
What is the purpose of a prototype in the design process?
Which of these best defines the term 'risk factor'?
Which of these best defines the term 'risk factor'?
What characteristic defines a prospective cohort study?
What characteristic defines a prospective cohort study?
Flashcards
Abstract
Abstract
A concise summary of key points, typically found in scientific papers.
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
The variable being measured or observed in an experiment, expected to change based on the independent variable.
Causal Relationship
Causal Relationship
A relationship where one factor directly influences another.
Cohort Study
Cohort Study
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Controlled, Randomized Experiment
Controlled, Randomized Experiment
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Case-Control Study
Case-Control Study
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Confounding Variable
Confounding Variable
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Correlation
Correlation
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Design Process
Design Process
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Double-Blind Experiment
Double-Blind Experiment
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology
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Experimental Study
Experimental Study
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Gantt Chart
Gantt Chart
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Incidence
Incidence
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‘Student’s’ t-test
‘Student’s’ t-test
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Prototype
Prototype
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Replication
Replication
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Research Methodology
- Abstract: A concise summary of key points in a scientific paper.
- Alternative Hypothesis: The researcher's predicted outcome of an experiment.
- Case-Control Study: Compares individuals with a disease to those without, to identify potential risk factors.
- Causal Relationship: A connection where one factor directly causes another, testable through controlled experiments.
- Cohort Study: Follows exposed and non-exposed groups over time to observe disease incidence.
- Confounding Variable: An unaccounted factor that may mask the true effect of the independent variable.
- Controlled, Randomized Experiment: Strongest experimental design, using random assignment and control groups.
- Correlation: The degree of relationship between two variables, not implying causality.
- Criteria: Principles used to judge or evaluate something.
- Cross-Sectional Study: A single observation at a specific time to study relationships between variables.
- Degrees of Freedom: The number of independent observations minus restrictions.
- Dependent Variable: A variable measured and affected by the independent variable.
- Design Process: A systematic approach to problem-solving, involving criteria, constraints, and solutions.
- Double-Blind Experiment: Neither the participants nor the researchers know the treatment assignment.
- Epidemiology: The study of disease in populations, focusing on incidence, distribution, and control.
- Experimental Study: A research approach where variables are manipulated to identify cause-and-effect.
- Gantt Chart: A visual tool for project planning and tracking progress over time.
- Incidence: The number of new cases of a disease over a specific time period.
- Independent Variable: The variable manipulated by the researcher.
- Innovation: A newly introduced method or device.
- Mean: The average of a set of scores.
- Median: The middle score in a distribution.
- Mode: The most frequent score in a distribution.
- Observational Study: Observing individuals or outcomes without manipulating variables.
- P-Value: The probability of obtaining results due to chance alone.
- Paired t-test: Compares means of two related groups.
- Prospective Cohort Study: Studies a group of individuals over time to determine if risk factors impact outcomes.
- Prototype: A full-scale working model used for testing design concepts.
- Replication: The ability to reproduce experimental results across different studies.
- Risk Factor: Something increasing the chance of disease or other outcomes.
- Single-Blind Experiment: Participants unaware of treatment assignment.
- Standard Deviation: Measures variability around the mean.
- Statistically Nonsignificant: The null hypothesis is accepted, results are likely due to chance.
- Statistically Significant: A mathematical measure of difference larger than expected by chance.
- Student's t-test: A statistical test to determine differences between two independent group means.
- Triage: Sorting patients based on urgency of need for treatment (often in emergency settings).
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