Key Concept 4: Gender Mainstreaming

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a key element of social justice?

Primary healthcare

Cultural exchange (correct)

Water and sanitation

Infrastructure and transportation

What is a significant factor contributing to gender differentials in social development in African societies?

High literacy rates among women

Patriarchal control of resources (correct)

Increased employment opportunities for women

Equal access to resources

According to the WHO definition, how is health best described?

Absence of infirmity

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being (correct)

A combination of physical and social wellness

A state free of disease

Which role is emphasized for women in the social development context?

Women's need for water and sanitation Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global disease burden does Africa bear?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health is notably impacted by gender according to the content?

The implications of HIV/AIDS Signup and view all the answers

What is gender mainstreaming primarily aimed at achieving?

Making women's experiences integral to policies and programmes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines reproductive labour?

Unpaid work at home such as cleaning and cooking Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by gender division of labour?

A situation where men's productive roles are valued more than women's Signup and view all the answers

Practical gender needs refer to which of the following?

Immediate perceived needs like food and shelter Signup and view all the answers

Strategic gender interests are focused on what aspect?

Long-term changes in social structures affecting women Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes productive labour?

Work that is compensated with economic reward Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of gender division of labour?

Sustained inequality in the workplace and at home Signup and view all the answers

How can equitable access to land and capital be seen?

As a strategic gender interest Signup and view all the answers

What year did Ghana adopt structural adjustment policies?

1983 Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant economic indicator for Ghana between 1967 and 1984?

Negative growth rate Signup and view all the answers

What was the inflation rate in Ghana in 1983?

123 percent Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the decline in cocoa production in Ghana?

Poor payment to farmers Signup and view all the answers

Which year saw a severe drought that affected agricultural production in Ghana?

1983 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage was Ghana’s real GDP per capita in 1960?

$1049 Signup and view all the answers

How much did cocoa production decrease from the 1964/65 season to the 1983/84 season?

From 557,000 tons to 100,000 tons Signup and view all the answers

What did the International Monetary Fund refer to Ghana as by the early 1990s?

A star pupil Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant topic discussed in the study by Andersson et al. (2004)?

Views on sexual violence and the risk of HIV infection Signup and view all the answers

Which health issue is specifically mentioned in the work by Antwi & Atobrah (2009)?

Stigma in the care of individuals with HIV/AIDS and cancer Signup and view all the answers

What do Lambert et al. (2012) primarily address in their research?

Barriers to female education in Ghana Signup and view all the answers

What issue is highlighted in the study by Morley et al. (2010)?

Widening participation in higher education Signup and view all the answers

What educational concern is presented in Kneppers' (2015) research?

Perspectives of teenage girls on education and dropout Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the CREATE Ghana Policy Brief 4 by Rolleston (2010)?

Fosterage and its impact on educational access Signup and view all the answers

Which study addresses menstrual hygiene in relation to education?

House et al. (2012) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of education is targeted in the study by Masland et al. (2000)?

Challenges faced by orphans in education Signup and view all the answers

What topic did the session conclude with?

Male bias in structural adjustment and its impact on women Signup and view all the answers

Which author wrote about the structural gendered inequalities in the Ghanaian economy?

A.K. Darkwah Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme in the references listed regarding structural adjustment?

Poverty resulting from macro-economic policies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of Elson's work?

Male bias in macro-economics Signup and view all the answers

What is a recurring problem identified with structural adjustment in Ghana?

Worsening economic conditions for women Signup and view all the answers

Which author explored women traders and structural adjustment in Ghana?

G. Clark and T. Manuh Signup and view all the answers

What has structural adjustment been criticized for in relation to women?

Reinforcing existing gender inequalities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the economic reforms discussed?

They have had a male bias resulting in negative effects for women. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gender Mainstreaming

Gender mainstreaming is a strategy for integrating the concerns of both women and men in all policy and program designs across various sectors.
Aims to ensure equal benefits for all genders and prevent the perpetuation of inequalities.

Reproductive and Productive Labour

Reproductive labour encompasses unpaid domestic tasks such as nurturing children, cleaning, cooking, and washing.
Productive labour is formally recognized work done for economic compensation.

Gender Division of Labour

This concept highlights the unequal value assigned to male and female roles, where male productive work outside the home is prioritized over female reproductive work.

Practical and Strategic Gender Needs

Practical gender needs are immediate necessities like food, shelter, and healthcare.
Strategic gender interests aim for systemic changes to address women's subordination, like equal access to land and decision-making roles.

Essential elements include access to water and sanitation, basic education, primary healthcare, food security, social security, housing, economic services, and infrastructure.

Access to social development services greatly differs by gender in many African societies due to patriarchy and control over resources.
Gender stereotypes often create disparities in education and resource distribution between men and women.
Women's needs for social development services are amplified due to their specialized roles, particularly in areas like health and sanitation.

Gender and Health

Examines how gender influences health outcomes, using HIV/AIDS as a case study.
Defines health from a comprehensive viewpoint, encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being beyond mere disease absence.
Health issues are vital for overall development; without a healthy populace, achieving development goals is challenging.

Conditions Leading to Structural Adjustment Policies (SAP)

Ghana adopted SAPs in 1983 following a period of economic decline, inflation exceeding 50%, and significant drops in agricultural production.
Economic adjustments included reducing cocoa and gold production due to inadequate support and investment, leading to further economic struggles.
The dire agricultural situation of 1983 highlighted the need for policy reform in response to food shortages caused by bush fires and droughts.

Implications of Structural Adjustment

SAPs have inherent male biases, often neglecting the specific needs and contributions of women in the economy, which can exacerbate gender inequalities.

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Description

This quiz explores the core principles of gender mainstreaming as defined by the United Nations. It emphasizes the importance of integrating the experiences and perspectives of both women and men into policy-making to achieve gender equality. Engage with various dimensions of reproductive and productive labor within different societal frameworks.