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Questions and Answers
What is the general structure of a ketone?
What functional group is present in ketones?
What is the simplest ketone?
How are ketone names derived according to IUPAC nomenclature?
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How are traditional nonsystematic names of ketones represented in IUPAC nomenclature?
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Study Notes
Structure and Functional Groups
- Ketones have a carbonyl group (C=O) flanked by carbon atoms on both sides.
- The carbonyl carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms, differentiating ketones from aldehydes.
Simplest Ketone
- Acetone, also known as propanone, is the simplest ketone with the chemical formula C3H6O.
Nomenclature
- In IUPAC nomenclature, ketone names are derived from the longest carbon chain that contains the carbonyl group, with the suffix “-one” indicating the presence of a ketone.
- For example, the name of a ketone with five carbon atoms is "pentan-2-one," indicating the position of the carbonyl group.
Traditional Names
- Traditional nonsystematic names of ketones often use common names based on their structure, such as “acetone” for propanone.
- These names may refer to specific groups linked to the carbon atoms adjacent to the carbonyl, especially in simpler ketones.
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Description
Test your knowledge of ketones in organic chemistry, their structure and significance in biology and industry. Learn about the carbonyl group and examples of important ketones like sugars and steroids.
