5-L2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the LDL receptor?

  • To facilitate the synthesis of cholesterol within the cell
  • To transport LDL particles into the cell (correct)
  • To promote the accumulation of cholesterol within the cell
  • To convert cholesterol esters to free cholesterol

    • What happens to the LDL particle after it is taken into the cell by endocytosis?

  • It is broken down by lysosomal digestion (correct)
  • It increases the synthesis of LDL receptors
  • It inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol
  • It is stored as cholesterol esters

    • What is the result of the lysosomal digestion of the LDL particle?

  • The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis
  • The synthesis of new LDL receptors
  • The conversion of cholesterol to cholesterol esters
  • The release of free cholesterol within the cell (correct)

    • What can the free cholesterol released within the cell be used for?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the free cholesterol on the synthesis and exposure of LDL receptors?

    <p>It reduces the synthesis and exposure of LDL receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is familial hypercholesterolaemia (Type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia)?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of familial hypercholesterolaemia in homozygotes?

    <p>They develop extensive atherosclerosis early in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of familial hypercholesterolaemia in heterozygotes?

    <p>They develop extensive atherosclerosis later in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholesterol within the cell?

    <p>To be used as a structural component of cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mechanism described in the text, involving the LDL receptor and the regulation of cholesterol synthesis?

    <p>To prevent the cell from accumulating too much cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three ketone bodies produced in the body?

    <p>Acetoacetate, Beta-hydroxybutyrate, Acetone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions are ketone bodies produced in the body?

    <p>During periods of low food intake, fasting, starvation, carbohydrate-restrictive diets, and prolonged intensive exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the properties of ketone bodies is true?

    <p>They are water-soluble molecules, and acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate are relatively strong organic acids that may cause acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lipid transport is true?

    <p>Most of the lipid (around 98%) is carried as highly specialized structures called lipoproteins, while the remaining 2% (mostly fatty acids) are carried bound non-covalently to albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of albumin in lipid transport?

    <p>To transport fatty acids released from adipose tissue during lipolysis for use as fuel by tissues such as muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum concentration of fatty acids that can be carried by albumin in the blood?

    <p>3 mM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the synthesis of ketone bodies is true?

    <p>Acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate are synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of acetone in the body?

    <p>Acetone arises from the breakdown of acetoacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal concentration of ketone bodies in the circulation?

    <p>Concentrations above 10 mM are considered pathological ketosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when ketone bodies are present in high concentrations in the plasma?

    <p>They can cause acidosis (ketoacidosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the body?

    <p>To transport lipid molecules in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structural role of apoproteins in lipoproteins?

    <p>Packaging non-water soluble lipid molecules into soluble form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with a defective lipoprotein lipase enzyme?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)?

    <p>To convert cholesterol to cholesterol ester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with a defective LDL receptor?

    <p>Type IIa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase?

    <p>To remove core triglycerides from lipoprotein particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with a defective apoprotein E?

    <p>Type III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about LDL metabolism is correct?

    <p>Both a and b are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary treatment option for hyperlipoproteinemia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with raised chylomicrons and VLDL in fasting plasma?

    <p>Type V</p> Signup and view all the answers

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