Questions and Answers
What percentage reservation does the Karnataka Reservation Bill mandate for local candidates in management positions?
Which bill was introduced by the Haryana Government in relation to employment for Agnivir recruits?
What is the penalty range proposed for violations of the Karnataka Reservation Bill?
Which state previously had a law allowing a 5% weightage for candidates whose medium of instruction was Telugu?
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Which of the following roles is mentioned as a non-management position according to the Karnataka Reservation Bill?
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What defines a local candidate under the Karnataka Reservation Bill?
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Which state has recently passed a bill that provides 75% reservation in the private sector for jobs with a salary cap of ₹30,000?
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What is a requirement for industries under the Karnataka Reservation Bill regarding skill development?
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Which article guarantees equality before the law?
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What did the Supreme Court establish in the Indira Swahini case regarding domicile reservation?
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Which article prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth?
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What is the purpose of the First Amendment to the Indian Constitution?
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What does Article 371 provide?
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Who challenged the Communal G.O. in the Champakam Dorairajan case?
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What does Article 15(6) enable?
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What was the outcome of the Janhit Abhiyan vs Union of India case regarding the EWS reservation?
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What is the creamy layer concept in context to EWS?
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What does Article 19(g) provide?
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What distinguishes the 2024 Karnataka Reservation Bill from the previous bills introduced in other states?
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In which state was a law struck down that provided for reservation based upon the medium of instruction?
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For how long must a candidate have lived in Karnataka to be considered a local individual under the Karnataka Reservation Bill?
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What was the percentage of jobs reserved for locals in the Andhra Pradesh bill passed recently?
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Which of the following penalties is proposed for violations of the Karnataka Reservation Bill?
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What is a necessary qualification for candidates under the Karnataka Reservation Bill who do not possess a secondary school certificate with Kannada?
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Which state has legally provided a definition for local persons and associated benefits as of 2022?
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What restrictions does the Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020 place on job reservation?
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What limitation did the Supreme Court establish regarding domicile reservation in the Indira Swahini case?
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Which article of the Indian Constitution allows the Parliament to enact laws concerning residential requirements?
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In which case did the Supreme Court determine that preference could be given to domicile candidates without completely excluding non-domicile candidates?
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What significant change did the First Amendment to the Indian Constitution introduce?
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What is one of the key stipulations regarding the economically weaker sections (EWS) reservation introduced by the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act?
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Which article in the Constitution is highlighted for establishing the special concessions for several states?
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What was the primary outcome of Smt. Champakam Dorairajan’s challenge against the Communal G.O.?
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What provision is made under Article 15 (6) concerning economically weaker sections of society?
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Which article guarantees that any law cannot preclude giving particular consideration to vulnerable groups?
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What critical aspect did the Supreme Court emphasize regarding the reservation for the transgender community in Karnataka?
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What was one of the main goals of the Kosi-Mechi Link Project?
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Who was the irrigation minister that first proposed the idea of interlinking rivers?
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What is the function of the National Water Development Agency (NWDA)?
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Which component of the National Perspective Plan primarily deals with Himalayan Rivers?
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Which rivers are linked in the Kosi-Mechi Link Project?
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What major project was initiated by Capt. Dastur in 1977?
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The Peninsular Rivers Development Component includes which of the following actions?
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What is one of the features of the National Perspective Plan introduced in 1980?
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Which link project aims to transfer water from rivers flowing down from Nepal to Bihar's rivers?
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What concept was not found techno-economically feasible for implementation in the initial proposals of river interlinking?
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What was the primary aim of the Kosi-Mechi Link Project?
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Which of these structures is included in the Kosi-Mechi Link Project?
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How is the Kosi River classified in relation to the Ganges?
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What significant environmental aspect was confirmed regarding the Kosi-Mechi Link Project?
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What major change occurred to the National Water Development Agency's (NWDA) responsibilities in 2016?
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What is the Kosi River commonly referred to due to its tributaries?
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Which geographical features surround the Kosi River basin?
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Where does the Mechi River join the Mahananda River?
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Which year did the Kosi-Mechi Link Project receive its Investment Clearance?
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Who established the National Water Development Agency (NWDA)?
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Study Notes
Karnataka State Employment Bill
- The Karnataka State Government has paused the Karnataka State Employment of Local Candidates in Industries, Factories and Other Establishments Bill 2024.
- The bill proposes 70% reservation for local candidates in non-management positions and 50% in management roles within the private sector.
- Local candidates are defined as those born or residing in Karnataka for a minimum of 15 years and proficient in Kannada.
- Candidates lacking a secondary school certificate in Kannada must pass a proficiency test set by a designated agency.
- The bill categorizes jobs into management and non-management roles, including clerical or semi-skilled positions.
- Skill development provisions mandate industry training programs to address skill gaps within three years.
- Violations of the bill's provisions may result in penalties between ₹10,000 and ₹25,000.
Other State Bills and Legal Context
- Haryana Government is facilitating employment for Agnivir recruits under the Agnipath scheme, with a 10% reservation in certain job roles and age relaxations for Group B and C posts.
- Andhra Pradesh has reserved 75% of jobs for locals; however, this decision is contested in court due to past legal challenges on similar bills and SC rulings.
- The Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020, was annulled by the Punjab and Haryana High Court, now pending in the Supreme Court.
- Jharkhand passed the Definition of Local Persons Bill in 2022, extending benefits to local individuals.
Constitutional Provisions and Judicial Precedents
- Reservation bills are often challenged under Articles 14 (equality), 15 (non-discrimination), 16 (equal employment opportunity), and 19(g) (freedom of profession).
- Article 371 provides special rules for recruitment in specific states, while Article 35(a) restricts state legislatures from enacting residential requirement laws.
- In Dr. Pradeep Jain v. Union of India (1984), the Supreme Court ruled that domicile preference should not exclude non-domicile candidates entirely.
- The Indira Sawhney case (1992) set a ceiling of 50% on total reservations.
Landmark Cases Influencing Reservation Policy
- Champakam Dorairajan Case (1951) addressed discrimination laws leading to a significant Supreme Court ruling against reservations based on religion, race, and caste, prompting the First Amendment.
- The First Amendment (1951) introduced Articles 15(4) and 16(4) to expand the scope of preference for vulnerable groups.
- The EWS reservation was established by the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act (2019), providing 10% reservations for economically weaker sections in education and government jobs.
- The concept of the "creamy layer" applies to EWS, filtering out affluent families, and was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2022.
Karnataka's Unique Provision
- Karnataka leads India by implementing a 1% reservation for the transgender community in all government services.
Karnataka State Employment Bill
- The Karnataka State Government has paused the Karnataka State Employment of Local Candidates in Industries, Factories and Other Establishments Bill 2024.
- The bill proposes 70% reservation for local candidates in non-management positions and 50% in management roles within the private sector.
- Local candidates are defined as those born or residing in Karnataka for a minimum of 15 years and proficient in Kannada.
- Candidates lacking a secondary school certificate in Kannada must pass a proficiency test set by a designated agency.
- The bill categorizes jobs into management and non-management roles, including clerical or semi-skilled positions.
- Skill development provisions mandate industry training programs to address skill gaps within three years.
- Violations of the bill's provisions may result in penalties between ₹10,000 and ₹25,000.
Other State Bills and Legal Context
- Haryana Government is facilitating employment for Agnivir recruits under the Agnipath scheme, with a 10% reservation in certain job roles and age relaxations for Group B and C posts.
- Andhra Pradesh has reserved 75% of jobs for locals; however, this decision is contested in court due to past legal challenges on similar bills and SC rulings.
- The Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020, was annulled by the Punjab and Haryana High Court, now pending in the Supreme Court.
- Jharkhand passed the Definition of Local Persons Bill in 2022, extending benefits to local individuals.
Constitutional Provisions and Judicial Precedents
- Reservation bills are often challenged under Articles 14 (equality), 15 (non-discrimination), 16 (equal employment opportunity), and 19(g) (freedom of profession).
- Article 371 provides special rules for recruitment in specific states, while Article 35(a) restricts state legislatures from enacting residential requirement laws.
- In Dr. Pradeep Jain v. Union of India (1984), the Supreme Court ruled that domicile preference should not exclude non-domicile candidates entirely.
- The Indira Sawhney case (1992) set a ceiling of 50% on total reservations.
Landmark Cases Influencing Reservation Policy
- Champakam Dorairajan Case (1951) addressed discrimination laws leading to a significant Supreme Court ruling against reservations based on religion, race, and caste, prompting the First Amendment.
- The First Amendment (1951) introduced Articles 15(4) and 16(4) to expand the scope of preference for vulnerable groups.
- The EWS reservation was established by the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act (2019), providing 10% reservations for economically weaker sections in education and government jobs.
- The concept of the "creamy layer" applies to EWS, filtering out affluent families, and was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2022.
Karnataka's Unique Provision
- Karnataka leads India by implementing a 1% reservation for the transgender community in all government services.
Union Budget Allocation
- Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman allocated ₹11,500 crores for various projects, highlighting support for Bihar's Kosi-Mechi Link Project.
- Emphasis on the central government's commitment to assist Bihar in addressing recurrent flooding issues.
River Interlinking in India
- Concept of river interlinking initiated by Dr. K.L. Rao in 1972 to connect Ganga and Cauvery.
- Capt. Dastur introduced the "Garland Canal" idea in 1977 for holistic river management.
- National Perspective Plan (NPP) for interlinking rivers formulated in 1980.
- National Water Development Agency (NWDA) designated for NPP's execution.
- NPP consists of two main components:
- Himalayan Rivers Development Component focused on storage reservoirs for Ganga and Brahmaputra.
- Peninsular Rivers Development Component addressing interlinking of significant river basins in southern India.
Kosi-Mechi Link Project
- Background agreement signed between Nepal and India on April 25, 1954, to mitigate issues caused by the Kosi River's shifting course and flooding.
- Aim to construct a barrage at Hanuman Nagar on the India-Nepal border and extend the Eastern Kosi Main Canal (EKMC) to the Mechi River.
- Objective: Redirect surplus Kosi River water into the Mechi River, aiding flood protection in North Bihar.
- Project specifications: 117.5 km total canal length, including 41.3 km existing EKMC.
- New section includes 76.2 km with various hydraulic structures: 9 canal syphons, 14 syphon aqueducts, 42 road bridges, etc.
- Environmental clearance obtained in 2019 with no displacement of populations or forest land acquisition.
Kosi River Overview
- Transboundary river flowing through China, Nepal, and India, known for its seven upper tributaries (Saptakoshi).
- Third-largest tributary of the Ganges by water discharge, length of 720 km, draining an area of 74,500 km².
- Historical assessments suggest Kosi has shifted course considerably but research indicates oscillating shifts rather than constant movements.
Mechi River Overview
- Transboundary river originating in Nepal's Marabharat range and flowing into India, tributary of the Mahananda River.
- Conjoins Mahananda in Bihar's Kishanganj district.
National Water Development Agency (NWDA)
- Established in July 1982, operating under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, focusing on detailed studies and surveys for river interlinking.
- In 1990, tasked with both the Peninsular and Himalayan components of NPP.
- Expanded since 2006 to explore feasibility of intra-state river links and prepare Detailed Project Reports (DPRs).
- Increased responsibilities include implementation of interlinking river projects under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY).
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Description
This quiz explores the recent employment policies enacted by the Karnataka and Haryana governments. It covers topics such as local employment restrictions, Agnipath scheme provisions, and reservation policies for various government positions. Test your understanding of these significant legislative changes in 2024.
