काइनेटिक्स: गति और प्रक्षिप्ति

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Questions and Answers

केंद्रीय बल किसका परिचायक है?

वस्तु की गति में कमी लाना

गति में कोई बदलाव नहीं लाना

वस्तु को सीधा चलाना

भौतिक वस्तुओं का केन्द्र पर खिंचाव (correct)

केंद्रीय त्वरण का सूत्र क्या है?

r/v²

v/r

v²/r (correct)

न्यूटन का सार्वभौमिक गुरुत्वाकर्षण कानून किसका वर्णन करता है?

मौसमी प्रभाव

सभी कणों के बीच का आकर्षण (correct)

गति के नियम

ऊर्जा संरक्षण

काम का सूत्र क्या है?

W = Fd cos θ Signup and view all the answers

पैदा होने वाली ऊर्जा की कितने प्रकार होते हैं?

दो, गतिज और संभावित Signup and view all the answers

परिवर्तन की स्थिति को किस शब्द द्वारा दर्शाया जाता है?

विस्थापन Signup and view all the answers

औसत वेग की गणना कैसे की जाती है?

कुल विस्थापन/कुल समय Signup and view all the answers

स्थिर त्वरण के तहत गतिशीलता के समीकरण का सही रूप क्या है?

s = ut + 1/2 at Signup and view all the answers

न्यूटन का तीसरा नियम क्या बताता है?

किसी क्रिया के लिए समान एवं विपरीत प्रतिक्रिया Signup and view all the answers

एक प्रक्षिप्त वस्तु की अधिकतम ऊँचाई किस पर निर्भर करती है?

आरंभिक वेग और प्रक्षिप्ति का कोण Signup and view all the answers

सर्कुलर गतिशीलता में वस्तु को किस प्रकार की त्वरण का अनुभव होता है?

केन्द्रीय त्वरण Signup and view all the answers

गति की परिभाषा में कौन सा घटक शामिल नहीं है?

ऊर्जा Signup and view all the answers

एक वस्तु की गति में परिवर्तन किससे होता है?

असंतुलित बल Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kinematics

Motion in a straight line: Describes motion along a straight path. Key concepts include displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
Displacement: Change in position of an object, a vector quantity.
Velocity: Rate of change of displacement, a vector quantity. Average velocity is calculated as total displacement divided by total time. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a specific instant.
Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity, a vector quantity. Constant acceleration allows use of equations of motion.
Equations of motion (constant acceleration): These equations relate displacement, initial and final velocities, acceleration, and time. They are crucial for solving problems involving uniformly accelerated motion. Key equations:
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
where:
v = final velocity
u = initial velocity
a = acceleration
s = displacement
t = time

Projectile Motion

Projectile motion: Motion of an object thrown or projected into the air. Often analyzed as two independent one-dimensional motions (horizontal and vertical).
Horizontal motion: Assumed to be constant velocity (assuming no air resistance).
Vertical motion: Under constant acceleration due to gravity (downwards).
Trajectory: Path followed by the projectile; parabolic in shape (in ideal conditions).
Range: Horizontal distance covered by the projectile. Depends on initial velocity and angle of projection.
Maximum height: Maximum vertical displacement achieved. Depends on initial velocity and angle of projection.

Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Newton's Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Formula: F = ma.
Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

Circular Motion

Circular motion: Motion along a circular path.
Uniform circular motion: Motion in a circle with constant speed. Although speed is constant, velocity is constantly changing (due to changing direction), thus, the object experiences a centripetal acceleration.
Centripetal force: Force required to keep an object moving in a circular path. Always directed towards the center of the circle.
Centripetal acceleration: Acceleration directed towards the center of the circular path. Its magnitude is v²/r, where v is speed and r is the radius.

Gravitation

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation: Every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Formula: F = Gm₁m₂/r².
Acceleration due to gravity: The acceleration experienced by an object due to the gravitational pull of another object (typically the Earth). Near the Earth's surface, this value is approximately 9.8 m/s².

Work, Energy and Power

Work: Product of force and displacement in the direction of the force. Formula: W = Fd cos θ
Energy: Capacity to do work. Key types include:
Kinetic energy: Energy of motion, KE = ½mv²
Potential energy: Energy stored due to position, PE = mgh (gravitational)
Power: Rate of doing work. Formula: P = W/t Units are Watts (J/s).

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इस क्विज़ में काइनेटिक्स के महत्वपूर्ण पहलुओं का संक्षेप में वर्णन किया गया है, जिसमें सीधी रेखा में गति, विस्थापन, वेग और त्वरन जैसे तत्व शामिल हैं। प्रक्षिप्ति गति के सिद्धांतों को समझने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण समीकरणों पर भी चर्चा की गई है। यह क्विज़ भौतिकी के छात्रों के लिए एक उत्कृष्ट संसाधन है।