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Place

• Refers to locations or areas with unique physical and human characteristics
• Can have different meanings to different people, based on experiences, memories, and perception

Space

• Generally refers to a location or geographical point on Earth's surface
• Can be determined by measurements like latitude and longitude

Scale

• Refers to fundamental levels of organization, such as local, regional, and global
• Also applies to the scale of imagery, from satellite to ground photographs

Environment

• Consists of interconnected and interdependent physical and human environments

People and Nature

• Humans depend on nature for survival, including essentials like air and water
• Living organisms such as bees help pollinate crops and produce food

Physical vs Man-Made Environment

• Environment includes natural and man-made/urban elements
• It consists of living and non-living surroundings

Environmental Benefits to People

• Nature lowers air temperature, removes air pollutants, and provides recreational spaces

Environmental Benefits to Nature

• Community activities promote environmental protection

Disadvantages of Environment Relations

• Nature can cause human-wildlife conflict
• Humans can damage vegetation, worsen pollution, and harm wildlife

Pollution

• Pollution happens such as the release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

Natural Remedies

• Wetland plants trap suspended materials like sediments and pollutants

Recreational Spaces

• Provision of recreational spaces includes activities such as biking, camping, canoeing, hiking, and rock climbing
• Singapore has 4 nature reserves

Health Benefits

• Direct and frequent interactions with nature can improve well-being

Community

• Local communities can raise awareness about the value of nature areas
• Encouraging positive behavior that does not damage nature

Sense of Place

• Can include nostalgia, reminiscing about home or wistfulness

Development of a Sense of Place

• Develops when individuals associate memories and meanings with a location.
• Reflects the relationship people have with their surroundings
• Helps in building individual identity and understanding of oneself and others

Developing Sense of Place without Interaction

• Can develop through media
• Repeated encounters with specific objects and people enable recall of the character and features of a place
• Creates meanings and memories
• Experiences with people in natural and built environments foster a sense of place
• Places lacking visual distinction can become memorable through community events
• Sense of place can be collective

Landmarks and Sense of Place

• Sense of place can be developed through significant or memorable events at local landmarks
• Landmarks are highly visible, making them easy to remember
• Can hold positive or negative memories

Historical and Symbolic Value of Landmarks

• Landmarks may serve historical or symbolic value
• Landmarks examples include the Bukit Timah Truss Bridges, built in 1932 as part of a railway line

Regions

• Regions are spheres of influence for services, events, and objects
• Influence diminishes towards the boundaries
• Regions can be classified according to environmental, human, and geographical characteristics

Spatial Patterns

• Spatial patterns refer to non-random arrangements of services, objects, and events in an area
• Amenities in towns and neighborhoods are intentionally placed to serve residents' needs

Describing Spatial Patterns

• General: Describe the overall trend
• Feature: Note if the feature is regularly distributed, clustered, or dispersed across the area
• Specific: Provide examples using named locations or features
• Exception: Identify outliers that deviate from the trend

Sense of Place in Media

• Sense of place may be represented through different forms and types of media by individuals and organizations

Emotions

• Different emotions expressed in the media might enhance or contradict one's sense of place

Spatial Planning in towns

• Towns are ranked in size and have a fixed structure to assist town planning

Purpose-driven spatial hierachies

• Designed to meet resident's needs and align with long-term goals
• Includes; residential units -> precinct -> neighbourhood -> town

Town Centers

• They serve as commercial and social hubs for residents
• Increase convenience for residents and visitors by having transport nodes located near shopping malls and offices
• Include large gathering places to encourage engagement and interaction

Purpose of Amenities

• Designed to increase convenience and accessibility to basic services

Examples of Amenities and Ideas

• Schools, HDB buildings provide shade
• Playgrounds, Trees to regulate the environment
• Shopping malls, designed for liveability purposes
• Include bus stops and land area
• Mrt's

Town Planning aims to

• Meet daily needs of residents with comprehensive planning
• Serve residents and provide for nature. For example Punggol Town residents do not need to travel long distances for employment and education

Connections and Synergies

• Connections and synergies are created to achieve sustainability
• Connections - Linkages across precincts, neighborhoods, and towns
• Synergies improved results when two or more things work together

Land planning should include

• Long-term plans at the national level to create connections and synergies by optimizing scarce land resources to cater to the diverse needs of current and future generations

Sustainable Development

• Meets the needs of the present population by achieving a high standard of living and ensures the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• Three aims: economic, social, environment
• Aims can be achieved with safeguarding nature areas and embracing smart technology

Aims of Sustainable Development

• Economic sustainability, to ensure population density to support local businesses while lowering transport and infrastructure costs
• Social sustainability, to ensure inclusive and resilient societies where residents have a voice. Achieved by sharing community spaces to create a community
• Environmental sustainability, to have sustainable management of natural resources. Ensuring wildlife in urban spaces and having biodiversity by having habitats (roof gardens, pocket parks)