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Questions and Answers

Which alloy is primarily composed of copper and tin?

  • Bronze (correct)
  • Steel
  • Iron
  • Brass

What is the main composition of brass?

  • Copper and tin
  • Iron and carbon
  • Aluminum and magnesium
  • Copper and zinc (correct)

Which process involves shaping metal within its plastic range using dies?

  • Turning
  • Forging (correct)
  • Rolling
  • Casting

What manufacturing process uses a hammer or press to shape metal heated to its plastic range?

<p>Forging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a lathe, which type of center is typically softer than the dead center in the tailstock because it performs no work?

<p>Spindle center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which SAE steel designation represents a manganese steel with approximately 0.20% carbon content?

<p>SAE 1320 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a gripping device featuring two or more adjustable jaws set radially, commonly used in machine tools?

<p>Chuck (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What manufacturing process is primarily used to produce steel balls for ball bearings?

<p>Rolling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machine tool utilizes a revolving cutter with multiple teeth to remove material?

<p>Milling machine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machine tool rotates a workpiece against a cutting tool to create cylindrical shapes?

<p>Lathe machine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the addendum of a cycloidal gear tooth?

<p>Epicycloids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a lathe houses the main spindle, mechanisms for varying spindle speed, and gears for operating the quick-change gear mechanism?

<p>Headstock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of marking center points, lines, and arcs on metal surfaces as a guide for machining?

<p>Laying-out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heat treatment process that involves heating steel to a critical temperature and then rapidly cooling it?

<p>Hardening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which welding operation involves using a non-ferrous filler metal that melts below the base metal's temperature but above 450°C?

<p>Brazing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for uniting two metal pieces using a different molten metal applied between them?

<p>Soldering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process creates a countersunk hole?

<p>Countersinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heat treatment process involves heating metal above its transformation range, followed by slow cooling, to primarily enhance its machinability?

<p>Annealing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machining operation enlarges a hole using a single-edged cutting tool?

<p>Boring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the total permissible variation in the size of a dimension, representing the difference between the upper and lower limits of size?

<p>Tolerance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A metal component requires maximum hardness. Which heat treatment process is most suitable?

<p>Hardening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the pitch circle in gear design?

<p>It represents the point of contact between meshing gears. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After hardening a steel component, it is often too brittle for practical use. Which subsequent heat treatment process can reduce brittleness while maintaining acceptable hardness?

<p>Tempering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a carriage bolt designed with a square shoulder beneath its head?

<p>To prevent the bolt from turning when tightening the nut. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machining operation specifically aims to make the end of a workpiece perpendicular to its central axis?

<p>Squaring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the clearance or gap between the engaging tooth profiles of a gear?

<p>Backlash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diametral pitch relate to the physical characteristics of a gear?

<p>It's the ratio of the number of teeth to the pitch diameter, indicating tooth size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A large metal casting has significant internal stresses after cooling. What heat treatment is best suited to reduce these stresses without significantly altering the material's hardness?

<p>Stress relieving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is commonly employed in machine tools to accurately divide a workpiece into precise angular segments?

<p>Dividing head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heat treatment process is designed to produce a uniform grain structure in steel, typically involving air cooling after heating above the transformation range?

<p>Normalizing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In gear design, what does the circular pitch represent?

<p>The distance between corresponding points on adjacent teeth, measured along the pitch circle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of material is characterized by its ability to gradually wear away a softer substance through friction?

<p>Abrasive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machine tool is specifically designed for creating holes in metal workpieces using a rotating cutting tool?

<p>Drilling machine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the addendum of a gear tooth?

<p>The portion of the tooth that lies outside the pitch circle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are worm gears well-suited for applications requiring significant speed reduction?

<p>A single worm gear stage can achieve a large reduction ratio. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machine tool employs a revolving cutter with multiple teeth to remove material from a workpiece, enabling the creation of various shapes and contours?

<p>Milling machine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool, featuring threads and lengthwise flutes, is specifically designed for cutting internal threads within a hole?

<p>Tap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gage consists of thin metal strips of precise thicknesses used for measuring small gaps and clearances?

<p>Feeler gage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A machinist needs to enlarge an existing hole with high precision. Which machine tool is most suitable for this operation?

<p>Boring machine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machine tool performs a similar function to a shaper but with a vertically reciprocating ram?

<p>Slotter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gear features teeth cut at an angle to the axis, offering increased contact ratio and smoother operation compared to spur gears?

<p>Helical gear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In gear terminology, what does the 'root circle' represent?

<p>A circle coinciding with the bottom of the tooth space. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'whole depth' of a tooth space, and how is it calculated?

<p>The total depth of a tooth space, equal to addendum plus dedendum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'diametral pitch' signify in the context of gear teeth?

<p>The distance between corresponding points on adjacent teeth measured along the pitch circle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which machine tool uses an abrasive wheel as a cutting tool to achieve a very smooth surface finish?

<p>Grinder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a milling machine?

<p>Machining a variety of surfaces using a circular cutter with multiple teeth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an index or dividing head in machining?

<p>To rotate the workpiece to produce evenly spaced features or angles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary alloying element used to create stainless steel, giving it its corrosion resistance?

<p>Chromium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Boring

Enlarging a hole with a single-edged, adjustable cutting tool

Pitch circle

Imaginary circle where meshing gear teeth make contact.

Carriage bolt

Bolt for wood with a shank to prevent turning when tightened.

Diametral pitch

Number of teeth per inch of pitch diameter on a gear.

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Circular pitch

Distance from the center of one gear tooth to the next.

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Addendum

Part of gear tooth that projects above (outside) the pitch circle.

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Gear rack

Gear that converts rotary motion to reciprocating motion

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Normalizing

Heating steel, then cooling in open air.

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Tolerance

The total permissible variation in the size of a dimension.

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Squaring

Machining the end of a workpiece to make it square with the axis.

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Backlash

Clearance between the tooth profiles of a gear tooth.

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Dividing Head (Indexer)

A mechanism that indexes (positions) parts in a machine tool.

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Abrasive

A material used to wear away a softer substance.

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Tap

A tool for cutting internal threads.

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Feeler Gage

Gages used for measuring small clearances and gaps.

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Slotter

A machine tool similar to a shaper, but with a vertical ram.

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Bronze

An alloy of copper and tin.

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Brass

An alloy of copper and zinc.

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Milling Machine

A machine tool that removes metal with a revolving cutter with multiple teeth.

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Lathe Machine

A metal turning machine where the work revolves and a cutting tool moves parallel to the axis.

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Planer

A machine tool producing flat surfaces on large or heavy pieces.

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Grinding

Shaping a piece by contact with a rotating abrasive wheel.

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Ductility

The ability to be deformed considerably without rupture.

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Annealing

Heating metal above its transformation range (1300-1350F) and slowly cooling it to soften and improve machining.

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Hardening

Heating metal above its transformation temperature and rapidly cooling (quenching) it, usually in oil, to increase hardness.

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Tempering

Reheating hardened metal to a subcritical temperature to achieve desired properties (e.g., reduce brittleness).

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Stress Relieving

Heating metal to a subcritical temperature (1100-1300F) to reduce internal residual stresses.

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Boring Machine

A machine tool that enlarges existing holes with an adjustable, single-edge cutting tool.

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External Gear

Gear teeth cut on the outer surface of a cylinder or cone.

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Internal Diameter (Gear)

The circle that touches the top of the teeth in an internal gear.

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Root Circle

Circle tangent to the bottom of the tooth space.

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Whole Depth (Tooth)

Total depth of a tooth space.

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Grinder

Machine using an abrasive wheel for smooth finish.

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Galvanized Iron

Iron coated with zinc for rust prevention.

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Headstock

A lathe component containing the main spindle and speed control mechanisms.

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Brazing

A welding process using a non-ferrous filler metal that melts below the joined metals.

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Soldering

Joining metal pieces using a molten filler metal between them.

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Electric arc welding

A fusion process where metal is heated to a molten state to form a solid joint.

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Resistance welding

Joining metal using high current at low voltage with pressure to create a weld.

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Micrometer

A precision instrument for measuring diameters.

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Study Notes

  • The correct answer is A. Annealing: Heating metal above transformation range, generally 1300F to 1350F and gradually cooling it increases machining ability.
  • The correct answer is B. Hardening: Heating above the transformation temperature and then quenching the metal, usually in oil increases the hardness.
  • The correct answer is C. Tempering: Reheating metal to a temp below range followed by cooling is tempering
  • The correct answer is D. Stress relieving: Heating metal to a subcritical temperature (approx. 1100F to 1300F) and sustaining that temp reduces internal stresses.
  • The correct answer is C. Normalizing: Heating metal to some 100F above the transformation range and then cooling to below that range in still air produces uniform structure
  • The correct answer is A. Drilling machine: It is a machine tool using cutting tool called drill to produce holes in metal.
  • The correct answer is C. Milling machine: It is a machine tool removing metal from a workpiece by using revolving cutter with many teeth, each tooth has a cutting edge.
  • The correct answer is A. Tool grinder: It is a maching that sharpens the tool using an abrasive wheel.
  • The correct answer is B. Boring machine: It is a machine tool used to make holes bigger by using adjustable cutting tool with only one cutting edge
  • The correct answer is D. Power saw: It is a machine tool to cut light, medium, and large sections metal components with a hacksaw blade.
  • The correct answer is B. Shaper: It is used to machine flat or plane surfaces with one point cutting tool.
  • The correct answer is C. Planer: Used to manufacture flat surfaces on pieces too big or too heavy to hold in a shaper
  • The correct answer is D. Broaching machine: It is used to finish internal and external surfaces, like holes and keyways, with a series cutter called the broach.
  • The correct answer is B. Bronze: It is an alloy made of copper and tin.
  • The correct answer is A. Brass: It is an alloy of copper and zinc.
  • The correct answer is A. Rolling: Describes the metal-part-forming process that uses dies once the metal is heated to its plastic range.
  • The correct answer is B. Forging: The process of forming a metal part using powerful pressure, metal has been preheated to its plastic range.
  • The correct answer is A. SAE 1320: A manganese steel containing approximately 0.20% carbon.
  • The correct answer is A. Milling machine: A machine tool that removes a metal piece via a revolving cutter with multiple teeth, each containing a cutting edge.
  • The correct answer is C. Lathe machine: A metal turning machining tool that revolves a work piece on a horizontal axis and uses a cutting tool.
  • The correct answer is B. Planer: Planers are machine tools used in the manufacturing of flat surfaces on large-sized workpieces.
  • The correct answer is C. Grinding: Consists of shaping a piece by bringing it into contact with rotating abrasive wheel.
  • The correct answer is A. Caliper: A measuring tool used in measuring diameters.
  • The correct answer is B. Dial indicator: Used to align machine tools, fixtures, and works, to test size trueness of finished work, and to compare measurement either heights or depths or many other measurement
  • The correct answer is B: Plasticity is the metal's ability to deform significantly before breaking.
  • The correct answer is C. Laying-out: The shop term used to include the marking inscribing of center points, circles, arcs, or straight lines upon metal surface, either curved or flat, for guidance of the worker.
  • The correct answer is D. Reaming: An operation of sizing and finishing a hole by means of a cutting too having several cutting edges
  • The correct answer is A. Countersinking: The action of enlarging a hole's end in cone shape, as for a recess meant for a flat screw.
  • The correct answer is D. Boring: Describes the act of increasing the measurement of a hole via an adjustable cutting tool with a single cutting edge.
  • The correct answer is A. Pitch circle: The imaginary circle goes through the points at which the teeth of the meshing gears meet.
  • The correct answer is B. Carriage bolt: Bolts specifically designed to fasten wooden parts or secure wood to metal with a short, rounded head.
  • The correct answer is C. Diametral pitch: The number of teeth per inch pitch.
  • The correct answer is A. Circular pitch: It is the distance between a gear tooth's center and that of the next consecutive one, measured around the pitch circle.
  • The correct answer is C. Addendum: The section of a gear tooth that extends beyond the pitch circle.
  • The correct answer is B. Dedendum: The portion of the gear tooth space that is cut below the pitch circle and is equal the addendum plus clearance.
  • The correct answer is C. Gear rack: When meshed with a gear, it is used to change rotary motion to reciprocating motion.
  • The correct answer is B. Worm Gears: Worm gears are used for heavy-duty applications and where reducers require extensive high-speed ratios.
  • The correct answer is A. Bevel Gears: Bevel gears are used to pass motion to another shaft angular to the first.
  • The correct answer is B. Normalizing: The uniform heating of steel above the hardening temperatures, followed by cooling freely in air.
  • The correct answer is A. Quenching: The operation of cooling a heated piece of work rapidly by dipping it in water, brine or oil.
  • The correct answer is D. Annealing: Used to soften hard metals for machining, steel should be heated slowly above its usual hardening temperature for 1â…Ÿâ‚‚ to 2 hours; then cooled inside a furnace.
  • The correct answer is B. Tolerance: It is a permissible variance to size in a dimension.
  • The correct answer is A. Squaring: Performing the machining action of squaring a workpiece’s end, ensuring it's square with center axis.
  • The correct answer is B. Backlash: tooth profiles of a gear tooth have a clearance between them.
  • The correct answer is C. Dividing head: It is a mechanism which usually do the indexing in a machine tool.
  • The correct answer is B. Abrasive: A material that can wear away a substance softer than itself.
  • The correct answer is C. Tap: Cylindrical steel bar features threads, grooves or flutes running lengthwise, cutting edges.
  • The correct answer is A. Feeler gage: Used for meauring clearances with thin strips of metal of various thickness mounted in a steel case.
  • The correct answer is D. Slotter: Machine toool similar to shaper except that ram moved in vertical direction whereas it is horizontal in shaper.
  • The correct answer is B. Shaper: A machine tool used principally to machine flat or plane surfaces with single-point cutting tool.
  • The correct answer is A. Stud Bolts: Stud bolts are headless bolts that are threaded on both ends.
  • The correct answer is B. Independent chuck: A kind of chuck which has reversible jaws which could be adjusted separately.
  • The correct answer is C. Mandrel: It insert into a hole in workpiece, piece may be turns or otherwise machined between head stock and tail stock.
  • The correct answer is D. Universal chuck: A kind of chuck which should not be used where extreme accuracy is required.
  • The correct answer is A. Knurling: The process of checking or producing checkers on the surface of a piece by rolling checkered depressions into the surface.
  • The correct answer is C. Live Center: It fits into the main spindle of a lathe and acts as a rotational bearing surface for the workpiece, softer than tailstock's dead center.
  • The correct answer is A. Chuck: A gripping device consisting of two or more adjustable jaws set radially.
  • The correct answer is D. Cold heading: Steel balls for ball bearings are made through cold heading.
  • The correct answer is B. Epicycloids: Addendum of a cycloidal gear tooth.
  • The correct answer is A. Headstock: In a lathe, it comprises the main spindle, the necessary mechanism for quick-change gear.
  • The correct answer is B. Hardening: A process of rapidly cooling a piece of steel to a temperature within or above critical range.
  • The correct answer is C. Brazing: Welding operation in which a non-ferrous filler metal melts at a temperature below that of the metal joined but is heated above 450C.
  • The correct answer is C. Soldering: The activity uniting two metal pieces by using a different metal which is applied beetween them in molten state.
  • The correct answer is A. Electric arc welding: The fusion process in which the metal is heated into a state of fusion permitting it to flow together into a solid joint.
  • The correct answer is B. Resistance Welding: Resistance welding uses high current at low voltage to forge metal, applying pressure at electrodes to accomplish the weld.
  • The correct answer is D. Micrometer: It is is a device for accurately measuring diameters.
  • The correct answer is B. Feeler gage: A group of thin steel strips which measure clearances.
  • The correct answer is A. Distortion Gage: Measure engine crank web deflectors using a special hand tool.
  • The correct answer is B. Torque wrench: A hand tool that is used to measure the tension on a bolt.
  • The correct answer is D. Tolerance: The permissible variation in the size of a dimension the difference between the limits of size.
  • The correct answer is B. External gear: A gear with teeth on the cutter cylindrical surface.
  • The correct answer is C. Internal diameter: The diameter of a circle coinciding with the top of the teeth of an internal.
  • The correct answer is A. Root circle: The circle that corresponds with a tangent running along the base of a gear's teeth.
  • The correct answer is C. Whole depth: The total depth of tooth space.
  • The correct answer is A. Dedendum: The depth of tooth space below the pitch circle.
  • The correct answer is A. Diametral Pitch: The ratio in gear teeth to each mm pitch diameter.
  • The correct answer is B. Grinder: A machine tool in which abrasive wheel is used as cutting tool to obtain very smooth finish.
  • The correct answer is D. Milling machine: Tool to produce variety of surfaces by using a circular type cutter with multiple teeth.
  • The correct answer is B. Shaper: A machine tool used principally to machine flat or plane surfaces with a single-point tool
  • The correct answer is C. Boring: Cutting a hole by means of rotating tool or the work may revolve and to the tool remain fixed like in a lathe machine.
  • The correct answer is A. Tapping tap: One of the following in the text which is is not a tap used for cutting threads in holes.
  • The correct answer is B. Used to rotate the work: An index or dividing head's use.
  • The correct answer is B. Zinc: Galvanized iron is a term referring to iron coated with:
  • The correct answer is C.bh^3/3: Formula for calculating the moment of inertia of a rectangle about its base; it is base times height to the third power, divided by three.
  • The correct answer is B. Working depth includes the clearance: In usual spur gearing
  • The correct answer is A. Chromium: Chromium is used for a stainless steal to create a high-quality alloy.
  • The correct answer is D. Bound: This is not a common term for classification of fits.
  • The correct answer is B. Have a ling of contact between the teeth: Herringbone gears characteristics.
  • The correct answer is A. Are not relieved when the weld is peened: internal stress in a welded connection.
  • The correct answer is B. Design stress = Ultimate design divided by factor of safety: Formula for calculating the the general design stress and factor of safety.
  • The correct answer is B. Feeler Gage: Instrument that is a group of thin steel strips for measuring clearances.
  • The correct answer is C. Torque wrench: A hand tool used to tightening a bolt with high torque.
  • The correct answer is A. Abrasive: A materials that when contacting a softer substrate, wears that substance away.
  • The correct answer is A. High Speed steel: The material used in high speed process
  • The correct answer is C. Brass: A material that is an alloy of copper and zinc.
  • The correct answer is B. Bronze: A material that is an alloy which is based on copper, tin, and a small amount of phosphorus.
  • The correct answer is B. Forging: Metals undergoing sudden blows or being placed under constant pressure.
  • The correct answer is A. Brazing: A welding operation in which a non-ferrous filler metals melts at a temperature below that of the metal joined is heated above 450C
  • The correct answer is C. Quenching: The operation of cooling a heated piece of work rapidly by dipping it in water, brine or oil
  • The correct answer is A. Shaper: A machine that is used to machine flat surfaces.

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