Juvenile Justice Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of juvenile courts?

  • Best interest of the child (correct)
  • Crime control and suppression
  • Political decision making
  • Punishment fitting the crime

    • Which term describes the process of relocating individuals from institutions into the community?

  • Juvenile delinquency
  • Informal diversion
  • Deinstitutionalization (correct)
  • Parole process

    • What does the Doctrine of Proportionality emphasize regarding punishment?

  • Punishments can be arbitrary
  • Punishment should be severe regardless of the crime
  • Punishment should reflect social opinions
  • Punishment should fit the crime (correct)

    • What does the Due Process Model prioritize within the criminal justice system?

    <p>Protection of civil liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'extralegal factor'?

    <p>Elements that fall outside or contradict established law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act aimed to address juvenile delinquency through community responses?

    <p>Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Parens Patriae' refer to?

    <p>The government's role as a guardian for those in need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a parole board?

    <p>To determine a prisoner's eligibility for parole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'waiver' signify in juvenile courts?

    <p>The transfer of a juvenile to adult court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines 'politicized'?

    <p>When an issue acquires political significance or character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Judicial Activism imply about court decisions?

    <p>Decisions reflect personal political beliefs of the judges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to a judicial philosophy that discourages judges from allowing personal beliefs to affect decisions?

    <p>Judicial Restraint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Supreme Court Justice is known to be a swing vote in closely contested decisions?

    <p>Justice Anthony Kennedy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Limited Jurisdiction refer to?

    <p>The authority to hear only certain types of cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landmark case established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review?

    <p>Marbury v. Madison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the state where further legal proceedings would have no practical effect?

    <p>Moot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of decisions tend to uphold civil rights over public order?

    <p>Liberal Decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ideological inclination is associated with preserving traditions and the current order?

    <p>Conservatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constitutional amendment guarantees the Right to Counsel?

    <p>Sixth Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which Chief Justiceship did the Warren Court achieve prominence?

    <p>Earl Warren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landmark decision established a 'good faith' exception to the exclusionary rule?

    <p>Garrison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case determined that juveniles are not entitled to a trial by jury in juvenile court?

    <p>McKeiver v. Pennsylvania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Supreme Court decision mandated the issuance of warnings regarding constitutional rights before a custodial interrogation?

    <p>Miranda v. Arizona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What standard was established by Terry v. Ohio regarding stop and frisk procedures?

    <p>Reasonable suspicion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case upheld pretrial detention of a juvenile deemed a serious risk to the community?

    <p>Schall v. Martin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Search Incident to Arrest' refer to?

    <p>A search of a person and immediate surroundings at the time of arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the Supreme Court, under William Rehnquist, express a tendency to vote conservatively?

    <p>Rehnquist Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ruling did Breed v. Jones (1975) extend to juveniles regarding the Double Jeopardy protection?

    <p>Juveniles cannot be transferred to adult court without a hearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Supreme Court decision established that police do not need a warrant to search garbage left outside the home?

    <p>California v. Greenwood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did Furman v. Georgia (1972) achieve regarding the death penalty?

    <p>It made the death penalty unconstitutional in certain cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SCOTUS decision established the right to appointed counsel for indigent offenders?

    <p>Gideon v. Wainwright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Good Faith Exception to the exclusionary rule allow?

    <p>Admission of evidence obtained without a warrant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of In Re Gault (1967) regarding the rights of juveniles in court?

    <p>Juveniles are granted many due process rights, but not all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures?

    <p>Fourth Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidentiary standard was established for juveniles by In Re Winship (1970)?

    <p>Beyond a reasonable doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the concept of celerity in rational choice theory?

    <p>To indicate that punishment should be administered swiftly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the mental state that makes a person worthy of blame for a criminal act?

    <p>Culpable Mental State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does general deterrence focus on in the context of criminal law?

    <p>Deterring society from crime based on punishment examples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advocated for punishment to be only as severe as necessary to prevent crime pleasure?

    <p>Cesare Beccaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended outcome of incapacitation in the criminal justice system?

    <p>To prevent future crimes by restricting offenders' actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes individual racism from institutional racism?

    <p>Individual racism is rooted in personal beliefs, while institutional racism is based on policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 aim to address?

    <p>Reducing sentencing disparities between crack and powdered cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves analyzing positive and negative consequences in decision-making?

    <p>Cost Benefit Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Disproportionate Minority Contact a reference to in the juvenile justice system?

    <p>The disproportionate contact of minority youth with the justice system and law enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes racism?

    <p>The belief that some races are superior to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in the context of civil rights?

    <p>It declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional, marking a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Rehnquist Court's approach to constitutional interpretation differ from that of the Warren Court?

    <p>The Rehnquist Court emphasized a more originalist and textualist approach, focusing on historical context and states' rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the impact of the Roe v. Wade decision on reproductive rights in the United States.

    <p>It established a woman's right to an abortion, significantly influencing debates and laws regarding reproductive rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What judicial philosophy characterized the Warren Court's decisions regarding individual rights?

    <p>The Warren Court prioritized broad interpretations of the Constitution to safeguard fundamental rights and liberties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of United States v. Lopez (1995) in terms of federalism?

    <p>It limited Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce, reinforcing the balance of power between federal and state governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Juvenile Justice Concepts

    • Best Interest of the Child: Guiding principle and primary focus of juvenile courts.
    • Crime Control Model: Criminal justice system emphasizing crime suppression and control.
    • Deinstitutionalization: Moving residents from institutions (like hospitals) to the community.
    • Doctrine of Proportionality: Punishment should fit the crime, avoiding excessive leniency or harshness.
    • Due Process Model: Criminal justice system prioritizing civil liberties.
    • Extralegal Factors: Factors outside the law, contrary to it.
    • Informal Diversion: Removing someone from the justice system without a criminal record.
    • Juvenile Court Act of 1899: Established the first American Juvenile Court in Chicago.
    • Juvenile Delinquency: Law violations committed by juveniles.
    • Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968: Federal law promoting community-based responses to juvenile delinquency.
    • Parens Patriae: Government's right to care for those needing supervision, especially children.
    • Parole Board: Decides if a prisoner can be released early (parole).
    • Partisan Politics: Political decision-making influenced by party interests and ideologies.
    • Policy: Guiding principles an organization adopts.
    • Politicized: Becoming involved in or affected by politics.
    • Politics: Government activities and public debates surrounding them.
    • Preponderance of the Evidence: Standard for winning in civil cases – having the more convincing evidence.
    • Sheriff: Chief law enforcement officer of a county (originating in feudal England).
    • Static/Static Factors: Unchanging factors.
    • Waiver: Transferring a juvenile to adult court, denying juvenile court special treatment.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in juvenile justice, including the best interest of the child, crime control models, and the history of juvenile courts. It also covers important legislation and principles guiding the juvenile justice system. Test your knowledge on these pivotal topics!

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