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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of juvenile courts?
What is the primary focus of juvenile courts?
Which term describes the process of relocating individuals from institutions into the community?
Which term describes the process of relocating individuals from institutions into the community?
What does the Doctrine of Proportionality emphasize regarding punishment?
What does the Doctrine of Proportionality emphasize regarding punishment?
What does the Due Process Model prioritize within the criminal justice system?
What does the Due Process Model prioritize within the criminal justice system?
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What is an 'extralegal factor'?
What is an 'extralegal factor'?
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Which act aimed to address juvenile delinquency through community responses?
Which act aimed to address juvenile delinquency through community responses?
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What does the term 'Parens Patriae' refer to?
What does the term 'Parens Patriae' refer to?
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What is the role of a parole board?
What is the role of a parole board?
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What does the term 'waiver' signify in juvenile courts?
What does the term 'waiver' signify in juvenile courts?
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Which of the following best defines 'politicized'?
Which of the following best defines 'politicized'?
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What does Judicial Activism imply about court decisions?
What does Judicial Activism imply about court decisions?
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Which concept refers to a judicial philosophy that discourages judges from allowing personal beliefs to affect decisions?
Which concept refers to a judicial philosophy that discourages judges from allowing personal beliefs to affect decisions?
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Which Supreme Court Justice is known to be a swing vote in closely contested decisions?
Which Supreme Court Justice is known to be a swing vote in closely contested decisions?
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What does Limited Jurisdiction refer to?
What does Limited Jurisdiction refer to?
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Which landmark case established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review?
Which landmark case established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review?
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Which term refers to the state where further legal proceedings would have no practical effect?
Which term refers to the state where further legal proceedings would have no practical effect?
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What type of decisions tend to uphold civil rights over public order?
What type of decisions tend to uphold civil rights over public order?
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What ideological inclination is associated with preserving traditions and the current order?
What ideological inclination is associated with preserving traditions and the current order?
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Which constitutional amendment guarantees the Right to Counsel?
Which constitutional amendment guarantees the Right to Counsel?
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During which Chief Justiceship did the Warren Court achieve prominence?
During which Chief Justiceship did the Warren Court achieve prominence?
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What landmark decision established a 'good faith' exception to the exclusionary rule?
What landmark decision established a 'good faith' exception to the exclusionary rule?
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Which case determined that juveniles are not entitled to a trial by jury in juvenile court?
Which case determined that juveniles are not entitled to a trial by jury in juvenile court?
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Which Supreme Court decision mandated the issuance of warnings regarding constitutional rights before a custodial interrogation?
Which Supreme Court decision mandated the issuance of warnings regarding constitutional rights before a custodial interrogation?
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What standard was established by Terry v. Ohio regarding stop and frisk procedures?
What standard was established by Terry v. Ohio regarding stop and frisk procedures?
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Which case upheld pretrial detention of a juvenile deemed a serious risk to the community?
Which case upheld pretrial detention of a juvenile deemed a serious risk to the community?
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What does the term 'Search Incident to Arrest' refer to?
What does the term 'Search Incident to Arrest' refer to?
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During which period did the Supreme Court, under William Rehnquist, express a tendency to vote conservatively?
During which period did the Supreme Court, under William Rehnquist, express a tendency to vote conservatively?
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What ruling did Breed v. Jones (1975) extend to juveniles regarding the Double Jeopardy protection?
What ruling did Breed v. Jones (1975) extend to juveniles regarding the Double Jeopardy protection?
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Which Supreme Court decision established that police do not need a warrant to search garbage left outside the home?
Which Supreme Court decision established that police do not need a warrant to search garbage left outside the home?
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What significant change did Furman v. Georgia (1972) achieve regarding the death penalty?
What significant change did Furman v. Georgia (1972) achieve regarding the death penalty?
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Which SCOTUS decision established the right to appointed counsel for indigent offenders?
Which SCOTUS decision established the right to appointed counsel for indigent offenders?
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What does the Good Faith Exception to the exclusionary rule allow?
What does the Good Faith Exception to the exclusionary rule allow?
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What was the outcome of In Re Gault (1967) regarding the rights of juveniles in court?
What was the outcome of In Re Gault (1967) regarding the rights of juveniles in court?
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Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures?
Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures?
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What evidentiary standard was established for juveniles by In Re Winship (1970)?
What evidentiary standard was established for juveniles by In Re Winship (1970)?
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What is the primary purpose of the concept of celerity in rational choice theory?
What is the primary purpose of the concept of celerity in rational choice theory?
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Which term describes the mental state that makes a person worthy of blame for a criminal act?
Which term describes the mental state that makes a person worthy of blame for a criminal act?
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What does general deterrence focus on in the context of criminal law?
What does general deterrence focus on in the context of criminal law?
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Who advocated for punishment to be only as severe as necessary to prevent crime pleasure?
Who advocated for punishment to be only as severe as necessary to prevent crime pleasure?
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What is the intended outcome of incapacitation in the criminal justice system?
What is the intended outcome of incapacitation in the criminal justice system?
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What distinguishes individual racism from institutional racism?
What distinguishes individual racism from institutional racism?
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What does the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 aim to address?
What does the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 aim to address?
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Which concept involves analyzing positive and negative consequences in decision-making?
Which concept involves analyzing positive and negative consequences in decision-making?
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What is Disproportionate Minority Contact a reference to in the juvenile justice system?
What is Disproportionate Minority Contact a reference to in the juvenile justice system?
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Which of the following best describes racism?
Which of the following best describes racism?
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What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in the context of civil rights?
What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in the context of civil rights?
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How did the Rehnquist Court's approach to constitutional interpretation differ from that of the Warren Court?
How did the Rehnquist Court's approach to constitutional interpretation differ from that of the Warren Court?
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Describe the impact of the Roe v. Wade decision on reproductive rights in the United States.
Describe the impact of the Roe v. Wade decision on reproductive rights in the United States.
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What judicial philosophy characterized the Warren Court's decisions regarding individual rights?
What judicial philosophy characterized the Warren Court's decisions regarding individual rights?
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What was the significance of United States v. Lopez (1995) in terms of federalism?
What was the significance of United States v. Lopez (1995) in terms of federalism?
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Study Notes
Juvenile Justice Concepts
- Best Interest of the Child: Guiding principle and primary focus of juvenile courts.
- Crime Control Model: Criminal justice system emphasizing crime suppression and control.
- Deinstitutionalization: Moving residents from institutions (like hospitals) to the community.
- Doctrine of Proportionality: Punishment should fit the crime, avoiding excessive leniency or harshness.
- Due Process Model: Criminal justice system prioritizing civil liberties.
- Extralegal Factors: Factors outside the law, contrary to it.
- Informal Diversion: Removing someone from the justice system without a criminal record.
- Juvenile Court Act of 1899: Established the first American Juvenile Court in Chicago.
- Juvenile Delinquency: Law violations committed by juveniles.
- Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968: Federal law promoting community-based responses to juvenile delinquency.
- Parens Patriae: Government's right to care for those needing supervision, especially children.
- Parole Board: Decides if a prisoner can be released early (parole).
- Partisan Politics: Political decision-making influenced by party interests and ideologies.
- Policy: Guiding principles an organization adopts.
- Politicized: Becoming involved in or affected by politics.
- Politics: Government activities and public debates surrounding them.
- Preponderance of the Evidence: Standard for winning in civil cases – having the more convincing evidence.
- Sheriff: Chief law enforcement officer of a county (originating in feudal England).
- Static/Static Factors: Unchanging factors.
- Waiver: Transferring a juvenile to adult court, denying juvenile court special treatment.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in juvenile justice, including the best interest of the child, crime control models, and the history of juvenile courts. It also covers important legislation and principles guiding the juvenile justice system. Test your knowledge on these pivotal topics!
