Juvenile Delinquency and Justice System

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Questions and Answers

What are some causes of juvenile delinquency related to the family?

Faulty development of the child, lack of parental guidance, parental rejection, broken homes, lack of love, unfair treatment, too harsh discipline by parents, too much leniency by parents, unfavorable parental example

Which is not a type of family structure according to the content?

Extended Family

Conjugal Family

Circular Family (correct)

Nuclear Family

The mass media has no influence on the behavior of children.

False

The _ is considered as the 'cradle of human personality'.

home Signup and view all the answers

What is juvenile gang defined as?

An association of individuals acting in concert to achieve illegal activities Signup and view all the answers

Define marriage according to the text.

Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into for purposes of establishing conjugal and family relation. Signup and view all the answers

Divorce is recognized in the Philippines.

False Signup and view all the answers

Polygamy is considered when either party was already married to another person at the time of marriage, making it __________.

void Signup and view all the answers

Who may adopt according to the provided content?

Any person of legal age and in full possession of his civil rights, in a position to support and care for his legitimate, legitimated, acknowledge children, or natural children. Signup and view all the answers

Detention Home provides long-term resident care for youthful offenders awaiting court disposition.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of children does neglect fall under in the content provided?

Neglected child Signup and view all the answers

________ refers to a baby left by the parents.

Foundling Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classes of mentally deficiency with their description:

Idiots = Mental defectiveness causing inability to guard against physical dangers, mentality compared to a 2-year-old person. Imbeciles = Mental defectiveness not amounting to idiocy but incapable of managing themselves, mentality resembling a child of 2-7 years old. Feeble-minded persons = Mental defectiveness requiring care, supervision, and control, without reaching the level of imbecility. Moral defectiveness = Defect coupled with strong criminal or vicious tendencies. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice System

Family is the first and most basic institution of society, responsible for developing a child's potential in all aspects.
The family molds the child to learn to curb desires and accept rules that define the time, place, and circumstances under which highly personal needs may be satisfied in a socially acceptable way.
The family is the most important social unit to affect children, and it is composed of father, mother, and child.

Types of Family Structure

Conjugal Family: consists of husband and wife without children.
Nuclear Family: consists of father, mother, and children.
Extended Family: consists of the nuclear family together with other relatives such as other ascendants and descendants.
Other types of family structures include:
- Joint Family: married children within their spouses and children living in one residence.
- Household: several people may or may not be related to one another, having the same residence and sharing responsibilities.
- Truncated Family: grand-parent – grand-children relationship.
- Stem Family: similar to the extended family, but they do not share common residence.

Models of Family

Corporate Model: Father is the CEO, Mother is the Operating Officer, and Children are the Staff.
Team Model: Father is the Head, Mother is the Chief of the training table & cheerleader.
Military Model: Father is the General, Mother is the Guard on duty, and Children are the Grunts.
Boarding School Model: Father is the Head Master, Mother is the Dorm Counselor, and Children are Dutiful Students.
Theatrical Model: Father is the Producer, and Mother is the Stage Manager.

Elements of an Ideal Home

Structural Completeness: presence of both father and mother.
Economic Security: capability to provide for the basic needs and wants.
Cultural Conformity: typical family beliefs and practices.
Moral Conformity: moral uprightness, Christian way of living.
Physical and Psychological Normalcy: normal physical and psychological development.
Emotional Adequacy: affection, support, love, and care between family members.
Religious Homogeneity: both parents profess the same religion.
Functional Adequacy: among members of the family.

Causes of Delinquency in the Family

Faulty development of the child.
Lack of parental guidance.
Parental rejection.
Broken homes.
Lack of love.
Unfair treatment.
Too harsh or too lenient discipline.
Unfavorable parental example.
Family disruption due to migration.
Marital discord or family problems.
Nuclear family versus extended family.
Single parenthood.
Lack of guidance leading to joining bad company or gangs.

School

A public instrument for training young people.
Considered the second home of a child, with teachers as the second parents.
Responsible for the training of a young person's intellectual, moral, and social skills.

Instances of Deviant Conduct Attributed to School Inadequacy

Failure of teachers to detect and address problems of children.
Poor academic atmosphere.
Membership in school gangs or friendships with the wrong crowd.
Lack of facilities for curricular and extra-curricular activities.
Failure of teachers in character development of students.
Failure to finish school, resulting in out-of-school youths with a lot of time to waste.

Environment

The place where the child grows up, the people around him, and the conditions both physical, emotional, spiritual, and mental.
The culture, norms, and behavior of the child's surroundings may influence the upbringing of the child.
Environmental influence can lead to behavior modification, such as:
- Rampant drug addiction.
- Vices such as gambling and drinking.
- Association with criminal groups or gangs.
- Exposure to sex and violence in media.

Poverty

Jobless people are poor, making them susceptible to crime commission.
Poverty reflects on the children of poor families, whose physical and health welfare are being set aside, giving more priority to food.

Mass Media

Sources of education, as great or even greater than traditional institutions.
Influences the lives of children, with a focus on the values being taught and the images of adult social roles.
Can lead to violent behavior, especially when advertising targets youth.

Police

The first line of defense against crime.
Must work closely with other components of the criminal justice system.
Important for police-juvenile relations, as it helps prevent delinquency.

Peers, Companions, and Juvenile Gangs

These groups interact with the youth in a positive and negative way.
Negative outcome of a relationship can lead to problems, practically derived from different values, personality structures, and emotional composition of people around the youth.
Group behavior continues to be a source of delinquent acts.

Religion

Inculcates a set of moral beliefs that lead to socially approved behavior.
Becomes a causative factor in juvenile delinquency when its traditional role in prevention fails.
Religious leaders must take an active part in the problem of delinquency behavior among the youth.

Other Factors

Unemployment.
Emotional Immaturity.
Too Much Ego.
Psychopath Personality.### Legal Separation and Annulment
Legal separation: separation from bed and board, but marriage remains valid
Annulment: marriage is null and void, never existed in the first place

General Grounds or Conditions for Annulment

Polygamy: marrying someone already married
Forced Consent: marrying under duress or threat
Fraud: marrying based on lies or misrepresentation
Incest: marrying within familial relationships
Mental Illness: spouse was mentally ill or emotionally disturbed at time of marriage
Mental Incapacity: spouse was under influence of alcohol or drugs and unable to give informed consent
Inability to Consummate Marriage: spouse was physically incapable of having sexual relations
Underage Marriage: marrying without parental consent or court approval

Divorce

Two types: No-Fault Divorce and Fault-Based Divorce
No-Fault Divorce: grounds include irreconcilable differences, irreparable breakdown, and loss of affection
Fault-Based Divorce: grounds include adultery, abandonment, domestic violence, and drug/alcohol abuse

Parental Authority

Patria Potestas: sum of rights of parents over their children
Joint Parental Authority: exercised by both father and mother, with father's decision prevailing in case of disagreement
Substitute Parental Authority: exercised by grandparents, oldest brother/sister, or relative with actual custody
Special Parental Authority (Loco Parentis): exercised by teachers, principals, or head of schools

Classification of Children

Legitimate: born inside marriage
Illegitimate: born outside marriage
Legitimated: illegitimate child raised to legitimacy through subsequent marriage
Adopted: person who becomes a legitimate child through a juridical act of adoption

Child and Youth Welfare Services

Child Caring Institution: 24-hour resident care for physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being
Detention Home: short-term resident care for youthful offenders
Shelter Care: temporary protection and care for children requiring emergency reception
Receiving Home: family-type home providing shelter for observation and study for eventual placement
Nursery: care for children below 6 years old for all or part of a 24-hour day
Maternity Home: care for pregnant women and their infants before, during, and after delivery
Rehabilitation Center: rehabilitation for youthful offenders
Reception and Study Center: study, diagnosis, and temporary treatment of children with behavioral problems
Child Placing Agency: assumes care, custody, protection, and maintenance of children for placement in child caring institutions

Special Classification of Children

Foundling: baby left by parents
Dependent Child: one who is without a parent, guardian, or custodian, or whose parents desire to be relieved of care and custody
Abandoned Child: one who has no proper parental care or guardianship, or whose parents have deserted them for at least 6 months
Neglected Child: one whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately attended

Special Categories of Children

Mentally Retarded Children: socially incompetent, occupationally incompetent, and unable to manage their own affairs
Mentally Ill Children: require professional help and hospitalization
Emotionally Disturbed Children: require professional help and hospitalization
Physically Handicapped Children: crippled, deaf-mute, blind, etc.

Classes of Mental Deficiency

Idiots: severely mentally defective, unable to guard themselves against common physical dangers
Imbeciles: moderately mentally defective, unable to manage themselves or their affairs
Feeble-Minded: mildly mentally defective, requiring care, supervision, and control
Moral Defectiveness: defect coupled with strong vicious or criminal propensities

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Description

This quiz covers the causes of juvenile delinquency, including family, school, environment, poverty, and more. It also touches on the juvenile justice system.