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Questions and Answers
What typically influences the way individuals treat themselves and others?
What typically influences the way individuals treat themselves and others?
What is the primary reproductive structure that begins to form around the 8th week of embryonic development?
What is the primary reproductive structure that begins to form around the 8th week of embryonic development?
What condition can result from the failure of the testes to descend during fetal development?
What condition can result from the failure of the testes to descend during fetal development?
Which term refers to individuals possessing both ovarian and testicular tissues?
Which term refers to individuals possessing both ovarian and testicular tissues?
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What happens to males with an extra female sex chromosome?
What happens to males with an extra female sex chromosome?
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What is the result of having only one sex chromosome, specifically an XO configuration in females?
What is the result of having only one sex chromosome, specifically an XO configuration in females?
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Phimosis is primarily caused by what condition?
Phimosis is primarily caused by what condition?
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What is a potential risk factor associated with cryptorchidism if left untreated?
What is a potential risk factor associated with cryptorchidism if left untreated?
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What is the primary hormone responsible for male puberty?
What is the primary hormone responsible for male puberty?
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At what age do girls typically begin to experience visible signs of puberty?
At what age do girls typically begin to experience visible signs of puberty?
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What characterizes the end of puberty in males?
What characterizes the end of puberty in males?
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What is menarche?
What is menarche?
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What health risk increases for women after they reach menopause?
What health risk increases for women after they reach menopause?
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Which statement about aging men and their reproductive capabilities is true?
Which statement about aging men and their reproductive capabilities is true?
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What are erogenous zones?
What are erogenous zones?
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What term describes the swelling of bodily tissues due to increased blood flow?
What term describes the swelling of bodily tissues due to increased blood flow?
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At what stage of life does solitary behavior most commonly begin?
At what stage of life does solitary behavior most commonly begin?
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Who is more likely to perform acts of self-gratification?
Who is more likely to perform acts of self-gratification?
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What type of behavior is sociosexual behavior?
What type of behavior is sociosexual behavior?
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What is the main difference between petting and hugging?
What is the main difference between petting and hugging?
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How is coitus generally viewed in relation to marital status?
How is coitus generally viewed in relation to marital status?
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Which statement about marital coitus is most accurate?
Which statement about marital coitus is most accurate?
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What is true about extra-marital coitus?
What is true about extra-marital coitus?
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What is a common challenge regarding abstinence among sexually experienced individuals?
What is a common challenge regarding abstinence among sexually experienced individuals?
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Study Notes
Sexual Development
- Sex chromosomes (XX - female; XY - male) and their secondary sexual characteristics define biological sex.
- Gonads (testes or ovaries) start developing around the 8th week of embryonic development.
- The development of accessory structures and external genitalia begins after the primary reproductive structures.
- Hormonal imbalances during embryonic development can lead to abnormalities in sex characteristics.
- True hermaphrodites have both ovarian and testicular tissues, a rare condition.
- Pseudohermaphrodites have accessory reproductive structures that don't match their gonads.
- Testes normally descend into the scrotum during the final month of pregnancy.
- Failure of this descent can lead to cryptorchidism, a condition that can cause sterility and increase the risk of testicular cancer.
- Males with an extra female sex chromosome (XXY) have normal accessory structures but can be sterile due to testicular atrophy.
- Individuals with only one sex chromosome (XO - female; YO - male) have developmental issues, with YO embryos usually not surviving.
- Other less serious conditions include phimosis (narrowed foreskin) and misplaced urethral opening.
Puberty
- Occurs between the ages of 10-15 years old.
- Reproductive organs grow to adult size and become functional under the influence of gonadal hormones: testosterone in males and estrogen in females.
- Reproductive capability continues until old age in males and menopause in females.
- In males, puberty is marked by:
- Increased reproductive organ size.
- Appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair.
- Presence of mature semen in the testes, signifying sexual maturation.
- In females, puberty begins with breast budding around age 11.
- Menarche, the first menstrual period, typically occurs two years after puberty starts.
- Hormones regulate ovulation and fertility in females.
Menopause
- The period when females stop menstruating.
- Occurs in the late 20s and marks the end of a woman's reproductive life.
- Postmenopausal women are at increased risk for cardiovascular disorders.
- There is no equivalent to menopause in males.
- While testosterone production declines in aging males, their reproductive capability continues well into old age.
Erogenous Zones
- Parts of the body that are sensitive to touch and can lead to sexual arousal.
- Commonly include: mouth, breasts, genitals, anus, neck, thighs, abdomen, and feet.
Vasocongestion
- Swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased blood flow and localized blood pressure elevation.
Human Sexual Behavior
- Any solitary or sociosexual activity that induces sexual arousal.
Solitary Behavior
- Involves self-gratification through self-stimulation, often leading to sexual climax.
- Begins at or before puberty.
- More common in young males and decreases or ceases with the availability of sociosexual activity.
- Usually involves fantasies regarding idealized partners or activities, often different from real-life experiences.
Sociosexual Behavior
- Involves two or more individuals in sexual activity.
- The most common type is heterosexual behavior between one male and one female.
- Physical contact, including necking and petting, plays a role in courtship and partner selection.
- Petting can range from hugging and kissing to stimulation of the genitals.
- It can be an expression of affection, a source of pleasure, or a preliminary to coitus.
Coitus
- The insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female reproductive organ.
- Social acceptance varies depending on the individuals' marital status.
- Premarital coitus is typically tolerated, but not encouraged, in modern Western society, especially if marriage is intended.
Marital Coitus
- Coitus within marriage is often seen as an obligation and socially acceptable.
Post-Marital Coitus
- Coitus by separated, divorced, or widowed individuals.
- Usually less scrutinized than other forms of coitus.
Extra-Marital Coitus
- Coitus between a married person and someone other than their spouse.
- Generally condemned, but exceptions may exist depending on societal norms and the individuals involved.
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