Judicial System and Court Organization

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of punishment according to the concept of retribution?

To give the offender what they deserve (correct)

To rehabilitate the offender

To prevent future crimes

To appease the offended public

Which type of punishment is imposed to prevent the offender from committing further crimes?

Expiation

Incapacitation (correct)

Deterrence

Reformation

What is the duration for a sentence of Reclusion Perpetua?

6 years and 1 day to 12 years

20 years and 1 day to 40 years (correct)

12 years and 1 day to 20 years

Life imprisonment

Which classification of prisoners refers to those awaiting trial?

Detention Prisoners Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of reformation or rehabilitation programs for prisoners?

To establish a law-abiding citizen Signup and view all the answers

What form of punishment is capital punishment classified as?

Death Penalty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following purposes of punishment is aimed at teaching a lesson to others and preventing future crimes?

Deterrence Signup and view all the answers

For how long can a person be held under 'Arresto Mayor' punishment?

1 month and 1 day to 6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intention of the Prison Education program?

To rehabilitate prisoners through formal education Signup and view all the answers

Which classification applies to prisoners sentenced from 1 day to 6 months?

Municipal Prisoners Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of work programs in prisons?

They eliminate idleness and reduce prison riots Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mode of release for an inmate?

Community service Signup and view all the answers

How are social institutions in the community primarily involved in the rehabilitation process?

They impose limitations to deter criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall purpose of the community pillar in the penal system?

To offer support and supervision post-release Signup and view all the answers

Which type of prisoner is sentenced to 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment?

Insular Prisoners Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of the Counseling and Casework programs in prison?

To support social reintegration of inmates Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary purposes of punishment in the criminal justice system?

Deterrence of future crimes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classifications pertains specifically to individuals not yet convicted of a crime?

Pre-trial detainees Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of rehabilitation programs in the corrections system?

Reforming behavior and reintegrating offenders into society Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of penalty typically applied in the criminal justice system?

Community service Signup and view all the answers

What effect does imprisonment primarily have on an individual?

Physical and psychological isolation Signup and view all the answers

Which correctional agency is responsible for the management of city and municipal jails?

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) Signup and view all the answers

According to the classical school of penology, what principle guides human behavior?

Psychological hedonism Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is responsible for youthful offenders in juvenile detention centers?

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Judicial System

A judge is a public officer appointed to preside over and administer law in a court.
Judicial independence is the freedom of courts to settle legal disputes impartially, without interference from the executive or legislative branches.
Judicial review is the power of courts, primarily the Supreme Court, to interpret the constitution and deem legislative or executive acts invalid if they conflict with fundamental law.

Court Organization

Regular courts include Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts.
- Their jurisdiction includes violations of city/municipal ordinances and offenses punishable by imprisonment of up to 6 years.
Regional Trial Courts have jurisdiction over criminal cases not under the exclusive purview of other courts, including appellate jurisdiction over cases from lower courts.
Court of Appeals has jurisdiction to issue writs, review decisions of Regional Trial Courts, and quasi-judicial agencies.
The Supreme Court has supreme appellate jurisdiction, reviews decisions of lower courts, and handles cases involving ambassadors and public officials.
Special Courts include the Court of Tax Appeals (for tax-related matters), and the Sandiganbayan (for cases of corruption involving government officials).
Sharia Courts have limited jurisdiction over Muslim-related cases.

Quasi-Judicial Agencies

Quasi-judicial bodies, unlike regular courts, do not have judicial power but exercise quasi-judicial power in aid of administrative functions.
Examples include the National Labor Relations Commission, Civil Service Commission, Commission on Elections, and Commission on Audit.

Time Limits for Decisions

Supreme Court decisions take a maximum of 24 months.
Court of Appeals and other appellate courts have a 12-month deadline, unless the Supreme Court reduces it.
Lower courts must render decisions within 3 months.

Corrections

Corrections is a branch of the criminal justice system responsible for custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
It also involves jail or prison management and administration.
Several agencies share responsibilities in jail administration:
- Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR): National prisons and penal farms
- Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP): City, municipal, and district jails
- Provincial Governments: Provincial and sub-provincial jails
- Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD): Juvenile offenders

Parole and Pardons

Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) and the Board of Pardons and Parole both operate under the Department of Justice.

Schools of Criminology

Classical School: Criminal acts are the result of free will and conscious decisions. Offenders understand rights, wrongs, and consequences. Punishment must fit the crime as a deterrent.
Neo-Classical School: Recognizes exceptions to the Classical School's rules, particularly for children and mentally incapacitated individuals.
Positivist/Italian School: Criminals are considered mentally ill who need treatment instead of punishment.

Purposes of Punishment

Retribution: Punishment is deserved by offenders.
Expiation/Atonement: Punishment appeased the offended party.
Deterrence: Punishment deters potential offenders.
Incapacitation/Protection: Keeping offenders confined protects the public.
Reformation/Rehabilitation: Rehabilitating offenders to become law-abiding citizens.

Classification of Prisoners

Detention prisoners: Detained for investigation, preliminary hearing or awaiting trial.
Sentenced prisoners: Convicted and serving sentences.
Safekeeping prisoners: Detained due to harmful behavior (mentally ill, insane).
Insular/National prisoners: Sentenced to over three years.
Provincial prisoners: Sentenced to 6 months to 3 years.
City prisoners: Sentenced to 1 day to 3 years (could also be those in MTC).
Municipal prisoners: Sentenced to 1 day to 6 months.

Institutionalized Treatment Programs

Prison education: Training for good conduct.
Work programs: Fosters moral values, and practical skills, preventing prison riots.
Religious services: Encourages positive attitudes.
Recreational programs: Conducted during free time.
Medical and health services: Exam, diagnostics, treatments.
Counseling and Casework: Support to rehabilitate.

Release Modes

Service of sentence
Court order
Parole
Pardon
Amnesty

Community Pillar

The community pillar is the work with private persons, groups, and entities.
Its aims are to deter crime, limit criminal behavior, help convicts reintegrate into society.
Key social institutions in this pillar include family, school, media, churches, and other non-government groups.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the judicial system and the organization of courts. This quiz covers essential concepts such as judicial independence, judicial review, and the different types of courts and their jurisdictions. Ideal for students of law or those interested in understanding the legal framework.