Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the maximum time frame for the Supreme Court to decide cases once they are submitted?
What is the maximum time frame for the Supreme Court to decide cases once they are submitted?
The Chief Justice must issue a certification if a decision is not rendered within the mandatory period.
The Chief Justice must issue a certification if a decision is not rendered within the mandatory period.
True
What must be included in the Supreme Court's annual report submitted to the President and Congress?
What must be included in the Supreme Court's annual report submitted to the President and Congress?
Operations and activities of the Judiciary
A case shall be considered submitted for decision upon the filing of the last __________ required by the Rules of Court.
A case shall be considered submitted for decision upon the filing of the last __________ required by the Rules of Court.
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Match the following time frames with their corresponding court levels:
Match the following time frames with their corresponding court levels:
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What is one role of the Judiciary according to the content?
What is one role of the Judiciary according to the content?
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The Supreme Court is allowed to have its jurisdiction defined by the Congress.
The Supreme Court is allowed to have its jurisdiction defined by the Congress.
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How many Associate Justices are on the Supreme Court?
How many Associate Justices are on the Supreme Court?
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Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are _____ and enforceable.
Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are _____ and enforceable.
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Match the following terms related to the Supreme Court's operations:
Match the following terms related to the Supreme Court's operations:
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What is NOT a power of the Supreme Court?
What is NOT a power of the Supreme Court?
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The Judiciary can have its appropriations reduced by the legislature.
The Judiciary can have its appropriations reduced by the legislature.
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What must happen if the required number of Justices' concurrence is not met in a division case?
What must happen if the required number of Justices' concurrence is not met in a division case?
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Which of the following has original jurisdiction over cases involving ambassadors and public ministers?
Which of the following has original jurisdiction over cases involving ambassadors and public ministers?
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The Supreme Court has the authority to change the venue of a trial only if it serves the public interest.
The Supreme Court has the authority to change the venue of a trial only if it serves the public interest.
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What is the maximum duration for temporary assignments of judges of lower courts without consent?
What is the maximum duration for temporary assignments of judges of lower courts without consent?
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The Supreme Court has administrative supervision over all courts and their ______.
The Supreme Court has administrative supervision over all courts and their ______.
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Match the following courts with their characteristics:
Match the following courts with their characteristics:
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In which of the following cases can the Supreme Court exercise its original jurisdiction?
In which of the following cases can the Supreme Court exercise its original jurisdiction?
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Only natural-born citizens of the Philippines can be appointed as Members of the Supreme Court.
Only natural-born citizens of the Philippines can be appointed as Members of the Supreme Court.
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What is one of the main functions of the Judicial and Bar Council?
What is one of the main functions of the Judicial and Bar Council?
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Members of the Supreme Court hold office until they reach the age of ______.
Members of the Supreme Court hold office until they reach the age of ______.
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Who has the power to appoint judges of lower courts in the Philippines?
Who has the power to appoint judges of lower courts in the Philippines?
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The salary of the Chief Justice can be decreased during their term of office.
The salary of the Chief Justice can be decreased during their term of office.
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What must every decision rendered by the Supreme Court include?
What must every decision rendered by the Supreme Court include?
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The authority to discipline judges of lower courts is held by the ______ en banc.
The authority to discipline judges of lower courts is held by the ______ en banc.
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Match the type of legal cases with their corresponding attributes:
Match the type of legal cases with their corresponding attributes:
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Study Notes
Judicial Power and Structure
- Judiciary vested in Supreme Court and lower courts established by law
- Judicial power includes settling disputes, checking on government abuse of discretion.
- Congress can define/prescribe lower court jurisdiction but may not reduce Supreme Court jurisdiction.
- Laws cannot undermine judicial security of tenure
- Judiciary enjoys fiscal autonomy; appropriations cannot be reduced below previous year's funding
Supreme Court Composition and Jurisdiction
- Supreme Court composed of Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices.
- Can sit en banc or in divisions (3, 5, or 7 members).
- Vacancies must be filled within 90 days.
- Constitutional cases (treaties, agreements, laws) heard en banc
- Other cases/matters heard in divisions; at least 3 judges must agree
- En banc decisions cannot be overturned by divisions
- Original jurisdiction over ambassador, minister, consul cases and specific petitions(certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas corpus).
- Appellate jurisdiction over lower court decisions in many cases (e.g., constitutional validity, tax legality, lower court jurisdiction issues, serious criminal cases, errors/questions of law)
Supreme Court Powers
- Temporary assignment of lower court judges
- Venue or trial change orders to avoid injustice
- Rules creation: constitutional rights, procedure, etc.; must be uniform
- Judicial appointment; in compliance with Civil Service laws
- Administrative supervision over all courts and personnel
Judicial Appointments and Qualifications
- Supreme Court appointments from a shortlist of at least 3 nominees by the Judicial and Bar Council.
- Lower Court judges appointed by the President
- Members of all courts must be natural-born citizens of the Philippines.
- Supreme Court members need a minimum age and experience (15 years as judge or lawyer).
- Lower courts need citizen of the Philippines and member of the Philippine bar as judicial qualifications
- Members of Judiciary must have proven competence, integrity, probity, independence
- Judicial and Bar Council (JBC): recommends judicial appointments
Judicial Conduct and Decision-Making
- Salaries are fixed but non-decreasable while in office
- Judges serve until 70 years or incapacity while in office.
- Judges subject to removal by Supreme Court with majority vote.
- Judges can't be assigned to agencies with quasi-judicial or administrative functions
- Decisions must state clearly the facts and legal basis.
- Review/reconsideration petitions must have supporting legal basis
- Time restrictions on case resolutions; 24 months for Supreme Court; 12 months for lower collegiate courts; 3 months for other lower courts.
- Certification issued for case inaction with stated reason
- Courts resolve cases despite mandatory time limits
Reporting
- Annual reports on Judiciary operations/activities to Congress and President within 30 days from session opening
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of the judiciary, including the composition of the Supreme Court and its jurisdiction. This quiz covers essential aspects of judicial power, including the roles of the Supreme Court and lower courts. Dive into the checks and balances that define judicial authority and fiscal autonomy.
