The Judicial Branch Flashcards

Key Differences Between State and Federal Courts

• State courts resolve disputes between citizens of a state, while federal courts handle cases involving disputes between states.
• Federal courts prioritize the law, facts, and precedents, whereas state courts focus on facts and precedents in decision-making.

Jurisdiction in Federal Courts

• Federal trial courts possess original jurisdiction, allowing them to hear cases first.
• A losing party in federal trial court can appeal to a higher federal court for reconsideration.

Appellate Decisions and Options

• Individuals dissatisfied with an appellate court's decision can appeal to a higher court.
• Cases cannot be taken to a different trial court or to a federal court if already decided by an appellate court.

Similarities in Appellate Courts

• Both state and federal appellate courts hear cases originating from lower courts, maintaining consistency in the judicial process.

Handling Cross-State Cases

• Cases like a faulty camera purchased in Idaho from a Texas company are typically initiated in a federal trial court.

General Jurisdiction Courts

• Courts of general jurisdiction are characterized by having both a judge and a jury present during proceedings.

Federal District Court Responsibilities

• U.S. District Courts manage federal cases that encompass both civil and criminal issues, serving as primary trial courts.

Judicial Process Steps

• Judicial processes in the federal court system include: assigning jurisdiction, making decisions, and allowing for appeals following the initial ruling.

Understanding Jurisdiction

• Jurisdiction is essential in federal courts, granting them the authority to hear specific kinds of cases based on established legal guidelines.